QUESTION OF THE DAY What do you know about Islam? 5 minutes to discuss Unit 2: 600 – 1450 CE QUESTION OF THE DAY What do you know about Islam? 5 minutes to discuss

The Rise of Islam The barren wastelands of the Arabian Peninsula witnessed the development of a belief system that has evolved into a political system, a religions, and an economic system: Dar al-Islam = House of Islam Founder = Muhammad 600 CE Followers = Muslim Faith = 5 Pillars of Islam Types = Sunni and Shi’ite Spread = India, Southeast Asia, and Africa

Muhammad Born in Mecca (religious and commercial center) in 570 CE 610 Muhammad has a “revelation” – archangel Gabriel comes to him and tells him that there is one god; Allah Not accepted so he and his followers fled to Medina Able to be prophet of new faith in peace Organized his followers into groups called UMMA 629 they went back to Mecca on a pilgrimage or HAJJ 632 go back to Mecca on another HAJJ 632 Muhammad dies without appointing a successor

The Teachings Muslim = One who submits 5 Pillars must be followed by all Muslims Faith – “There is no god but Allah and Muhammad is his prophet” Prayer – Must pray 5 times per day facing Mecca Fasting – cannot eat from dawn until dusk during the month of Ramadan Alms – “giving” must pay the ZAKAT for the needy The Hajj – At least once in a followers life they must make a pilgrimage to Mecca COMPILED INTO THE QURAN IN 650 CE AND HAVE TO FOLLOW THE SHIRIA (MORAL LAW)

Split of Islam Abu-Bakr was chosen as Muhammad's successor or CALIPH Uthman the Umayyad was appointed his successor then he was assassinated Ali (son–in-law of Muhammad) was his successor, but caused controversy because he was not a blood relative of Muhammad and he was assassinated in 661 Shi’ite – believed the CALIPH should be a direct member of Muhammad's family Sunni – (largest group) thought the CALIPH should be chosen by the UMMA (Muslim community)

Expansion Islam spread by military conquest in Asia and Africa 1 year after Muhammad’s death the Arabian Peninsula was Islamic 651 Persia conquered and turned Muslim 7th century Syria, Mesopotamia, Palestine, and Egypt converted 8th century Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, NW India, Spain and Portugal converted Early conquerors were concerned with the extension of power.

Umayyad Caliph 661 the Umayyad Family came to power in the Islamic World Emphasized Arabic ethnicity over expansion Inferior status assigned to Islam Respect for Jews and Christian as “People of the Book” Luxurious living for ruling families Overthrown by the Abbasid Dynasty in 750 The family was killed except for one member who escaped to Spain and established the Caliphate of Cordoba

Al-Andalus Spain was conquered in 711 by the Berbers of North Africa Stopped 200 miles south of Paris at the Battle of Tours The Caliphate of Cordoba boasted libraries and free education Arabic words such as sofa, algebra, and alcohol incorporated into Spanish Muslim architecture added to Spain

Islam in India and Southeast Asia 12th century Muslims conquered the Indus Valley Centered government in Delhi Delhi Sultanate controlled India from 1206 – 1526 Was not popular with Hindu India because of monotheism In Southeast Asia spread from commercial contacts rather than military 8th century Muslim traders reached India Popular on the islands of Indian Ocean (Sri Lanka) Buddhism remained predominant

Islam in Africa Spirit of Jihad (holy war) brought Islam to Africa in 8th century 10th century Egypt became Islamic 10th century Kingdom of Ghana converted 13th century conversion of Kingdom of Mali Rulers accepted Islam but common people remained polytheistic East African cities of Mogadishu, Mombasa, and Kilwa became vibrant centers of Islam Did not find success in the interior of Africa mainly because African women enjoyed freedoms.

The Mamluk Dynasty Islamic capitol of Baghdad was destroyed by the Mongols in 1258 The Mamluks made Egypt the center of Islam Ruled during the 14th and 15th century until the Ottoman Turks took over in the 16th century

The Role of Women in Islamic Society Early women had more rights than those in other monotheistic religions Men could have 4 wives / women only 1 husband Both men and women were equal before Allah Later women were secluded from public life to be kept out of the gaze of men

Islam and Slavery Forbidden to enslave followers of Islam Known to free slaves especially if they converted Children born to slave women were considered free