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Structures that BOTH plant and animal cells have Nucleolus Golgi Bodies Rough ER Smooth ER RibosomesVacuolemitochondria

THE CELL The cell is the structural and functional unit of all living things. (ie. All living things are composed of cells) The cell is the smallest unit of matter capable of an independent existence (ie. living alone) Cells are composed of atoms Non-living matter is also composed of atoms but is not composed of cells.

BRAIN POP MOVIES BRAIN POP MOVIESCells Cell specialization

The cell The cell has 3 basic structures: 1)The cell membrane 2)The nucleus 3) The cytoplasm

1) Cell Membrane The structure of the cell that permits exchanges between the cell and it’s environment –Certain substances pass easily into the cell –Some do so with difficulty –Other cannot penetrate at all The membrane is said to be “selectively permeable”

2) The nucleus The nucleus controls all the activities in the cell The nucleus contains the cell’s chromosomes –Body cells each have 46 (23 from mom + 23 from dad) –Germ cells (egg + sperm) contain 23 Chromosomes are responsible for carrying hereditary characteristics –Eye colour, hair colour, blood type, etc. –A single chromosome can carry several hereditary characteristics

3) The cytoplasm The cytoplasm is the living stuff inside the cell (between the nucleus and the cell membrane) which contains many organelles that carry out the life activities of the cell.

Animal Cell: Main Features Visible 1.Vacuole 2.Nucleus 3.Cell Membrane 4.Cytoplasm

Plant Cells Main Features Visible 1)Vacuole 2)Nucleus 3)Cell Wall 4)Cell Membrane 5)Cytoplasm 6)Chloroplast

Animal Cell:

Plant Cell-Animal Cell Comparison What is the same and what is different?

What are the major differences between an animal cell and a plant cell? 1. Chloroplast 2. Cell Wall 3. Vacuole

Plant Cell-Animal Cell Comparison

Interactive Cell Animations / /animations/cell_structure/cell _structure.htm / /animations/cell_structure/cell _structure.htm Fly around a plant cell Fly around a plant cell Fly around an animal cell Fly around an animal cell Shockwave presentation Shockwave presentation

Plant cell examples: Onion Membrane Cells

Plant cell examples: Onion Cells Root Tip - Mitosis

Animal cell examples: CHEEK CELLS

Animal cell examples: CARDIAC MUSCLE CELL

Animal cell examples: SMOOTH MUSCLE CELL - INVOLUNTARY

Animal cell examples: VOLUNTARY STRIATED MUSCLE CELL

Animal cell examples: NERVE CELL

Animal cell examples: MUSCLE CELL DIAGRAMS

Sites and things Cell Structure: – Resource.dspView&ResourceID=450 Resource.dspView&ResourceID=450http:// Resource.dspView&ResourceID=450 Virtual tour of the cell: – Virtual plant cell: – Build a cell: –

1.4.1 Continued: Exchanges between a cell and its environment: –Diffusion: movement of particles from an area of high to an area of low concentration. Ex: Absorption of glucose (see diagram page 163) OsmosisOsmosis: movement of water molecules from an area of high to an area of low concentration. Osmosis –Endocytosis: process by which cell ingests whole solid or liquid particles. Phagocytosis: solids Pinocytosis: liquids

DIFFUSION Simple Diffusion Simple Diffusion Simulation Diffusion Simulation Facilitate Diffusion Animation Facilitate Diffusion Animation Diffusion Across a Cell Membrane:

ENDOCYTOSIS 1) Endocytosis is the collective name for the processes where a cell ingests a whole solid or a liquid. 2) Phagocytosis – engulf material. 3) Pinocytosis – invaginate to form a pocket which engulfs a liquid.

PHAGOCYTOSIS

PINOCYTOSIS

The Nucleus It contains chromosomes: –Somatic (body cells) in humans = 46 –Germ cells (egg sperm) = 23 Chromosomes are made up of 4 bases AT GC –Map of chromosomes and what they each do: –Are responsible for passing on hereditary characteristics: Eye colour, hair texture, blood type, etc.

1.4.1 To describe cells and locate them within the structures of a living organism The cell –PBS NOVA VIDEO: ml# ml##1 Boy vs. Girl – m.html m.htmlhttp:// m.html –“#6 Messages in the genes”

Human Genome Project What are genes and DNA? (video) – deo/wmv/3D.wmv deo/wmv/3D.wmvhttp:// deo/wmv/3D.wmv Ethical, legal and social implications – deo/wmv/ELSI.wmv deo/wmv/ELSI.wmvhttp:// deo/wmv/ELSI.wmv –Not just for scientists

Stem Cells NOVA Science NOW /3209/04.html /3209/04.html /3209/04.html

DNA Fingerprinting GAME: – WORKSHEET: –

Video Biology Essentials Biology Essentials (the cell) Biology Essentials Cells are the building blocks of life. As versatile media support for Biology and Life Science units on the structure and functions of cells, this program explores the two basic types of cells, eukaryotic and prokaryotic, and their major components. The importance of the cell membrane in the processes of diffusion, osmosis, and active transport is also illustrated. –Running Time: 20:10 min.

1.4.2 Cellular respiration (review) Cellular respiration –Remember the equation –Oxygen is essential Energy from 3 food types Fats: 36kJ/gram Carbs: 16kJ/gram Proteins: 16kJ/gram Waste products –Combustion of fats & carbs = CO 2 –Metabolism of proteins = UREA You must eliminate CO 2 and UREA (detoxification)

Lab Activity: Is the cell membrane selectively permeable? Page Read it 2 procedures (activity A & B)

How cells divide nova online Virtual pinning