Weather and meteorology CAPT. STANISLAV HOFMAN UO BRNO 2015

Definitions Weather is the state of the atmosphere at precise time and given position. It is given by observed atmospheric phenomena such as temperature, moisture, wind, barometric pressure, clouds,etc. Meteorology is a science studying the atmosphere.

Main information for pilot and ATCo Wind, Visibility, Clouds, Temperature, Pressure, Meteorological hazards (thunderstorm, windshear, icing, precipitations, fog, mist, turbulence)

WIND Wind - the movement of the air between areas of a different atmospheric pressure Gust - a sudden temporary increase of wind speed, at least 10 knots Wind shear - a sudden change in wind direction and/or speed over a short distance Wind is indicated by direction and velocity Headwind, tailwind, crosswind

VISIBILITY  Types - meteorological, flight visibility, RVR  Limitations - haze, mist, fog, fog patches  Phenomena reducing visibility - humidity, low level clouds

CLOUDS  cloud base, top of clouds  cloud cover  cloud type - low, middle, high level  CB - thunderstorm, lightning, thunder

CLOUDS Cloud base - the lowest height of the cloud cover Cloud cover - the amount of clouds which can be seen in the sky Significant clouds - cumulonimbus CB - large, dense, unstable heap cloud with a lot of vertical height and which can develop into thunderstorms

TEMPERATURE Celsius degree Dewpoint - itś a temperature then the air is maximally saturated with water vapour (relative humidity reaches 100%). If the temperature drops below this point, condensation occurs. PRESSURE QNH (AMSL) QFE (AGL) Standard atmospheric pressure (FL)

METEOROLOGICAL HAZARDS PRECIPITATION  intensity, time, form, amount  light, moderate, heavy  continuous, intermittend  rain, shower, drizzle, thunderstorm, sleet  snow, freezing rain or drizzle, blizzard, hail  icing

METEOROLOGICAL HAZARDS THUNDERSTORMS  Squall, turbulence, gusts, windshear  Lightning, thunder  Heavy rain, hail

Meteorological forecast and information METAR - Meteorological Aerodrome Report METAR LKNA Z 13010KT 9999 OVC020 02/M02 Q1013 NOSIG TAF - Terminal Aerodrome Forecast TAF LKNA Z 3018/ KT 7000 OVC017 BECMG 3019/ G35KT PROB30 TEMPO 3106/ G45KT PROB30 TEMPO 3109/ RA BR OVC015 SPECI – Special Met Report

Source of meteorological information - meteorological briefing - radar screen - Ledis screen - pilot’s and ATCo’s report

Abbreviations BC, BCFG, BKN, BLSN, BR, CB, CLD, DP, DU, DZ, FEW, FG, FU, FZRA, GR, HVYGR, HZ, ICE, OVC, RA, RERA, SCT, SH, SKC, SN, TS, VIS, VRB, WS, Colour code - Colour system used to describe weather at airfield (visibility, cloud base) BLU, WHT, GRN, YLO, AMB, RED, BLACK

Thank you for your attention! QUESTIONS?