Internal Assessment DUE NEXT CLASS!!! WWII Battles Assignment DUE TODAY!!! Quiz Today ~ Clear your desk – NO PHONES!!!!! 1/30 & 2/2

Diplomacy During WWII The Brewing Conflicts

Atlantic Charter – August 1941 Contribution & Meaning Acted as clarification that America was supporting Britain in the war (FDR & Churchill) The eight principal points of the Charter were: no territorial gains were to be sought by the United States or the United Kingdom; territorial adjustments must be in accord with the wishes of the peoples concerned; all people had a right to self-determination;self-determination trade barriers were to be lowered; trade barriers there was to be global economic cooperation and advancement of social welfare; the participants would work for a world free of want and fear; the participants would work for freedom of the seas;freedom of the seas there was to be disarmament of aggressor nations, and a post-war common disarmament. 1) It publicly affirmed the sense of solidarity between the U.S. and Great Britain against Axis aggression. 2) it laid out President Roosevelt’s Wilsonian-vision for the postwar world; one that would be characterized by free exchanges of trade, self-determination, disarmament, and collective security. 3) the Charter ultimately did serve as an inspiration for colonial subjects throughout the Third World, from Algeria to Vietnam, as they fought for independence.

Casablanca Conference - January 14– 24, 1943…. Casablanca, Morocco Focused on coordinating Allied military strategy against the Axis powers Concentrate efforts vs. the Germans to draw German forces away from E. front Also, invade Sicily & Italian mainland to knock Italy out of war “Unconditional Surrender” Destruction of philosophy Policy of unconditional surrender was an outgrowth of Allied war aims (Atlantic Charter) Wanted to avoid situation of TOV and post WWI

Tehran Conference - Tehran, Iran, between November 28 and December 1, FDR, Churchill, & Stalin Agreed to Operation Overload (US & Britain opening a second front in the west, long called for by Stalin) Soviet Union would declare war on Japan after Germany was defeated (US would recognize some territorial land claims by SU) Stalin agreed to allow Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia would be reincorporated into the Soviet Union only after the citizens of each republic voted Stalin stressed, however, that that the matter would have to be resolved “in accordance with the Soviet constitution,” and that he would not consent to any international control over the elections. Germany into Allied zones of occupation

Declaration on Liberated Europe signed at the Yalta Conference 1945 Signed by US, Britain, & Soviet Union Countries & territory previously under Axis (Nazi) control would solve their economic & political problems by democratic means The right of all people to choose the form of government under which they will live (Atlantic Charter) By signing this document you have two political ideologies clashing Democracy vs. Communism Why would Stalin and the Soviet Union agree to this?

Wartime Experience US 1941 – FDR & Churchill issue Atlantic Charter 1941 – US entered war after Pearl Harbor Fielded army of 9 million No damage or loss of factories, oil reserves, or other resources 400,000 military deaths $341 billion dollars spent Advocated for United Nations and free elections USSR Stalin signed non aggression pact in 1939 Entered WWII in 1941 when Germany invaded 25% of Soviet factories and resources destroyed by Germans 10 million military and another million civilian deaths No major victory until Stalingrad $192 billion spent on the war Insisted on friendly/and or communist gov’t or buffer zone between W. Europe and Soviets

Yalta Conference - February 4–11, 1945 – Yalta Russia FDR, Churchill, & Stalin Knew Allied victory in Europe was inevitable & Pacific War was near ending Soviets would be granted Sphere of Influence in Manchuria for participation in Pacific Theater Discussed future of Germany, E. Europe, and United Nations Future governments of the Eastern European nations bordering the Soviet Union should be “friendly” to the Soviet regime while the Soviets pledged to allow free elections in all territories liberated from Nazi Germany. Security Council = 5 permanent members in the UN Yet after FDR’s death, Harry Truman took over and US & SU clashed over E. Europe

Yalta Conference Met to discuss plans of defeat of Germany & world order after WWII ~ many details left undecided led to conflict later Soviet Union would enter the war against Japan and as a result would be granted sphere of influence in Manchuria Germany would be divided into different occupation zones but Big Three would enact common policies and plans in each zone Soviet Union entitled to compensation for destruction of property and industry that occurred on Soviet territory during the war Soviet Union agreed to free elections in Eastern Europe

Potsdam Conference - Potsdam, Germany, from July 17 to August 2, 1945 Major Issue = How to handle Germany Demilitarized & disarm into 4 zones of allied occupation (US, Britain, France, & SU) Industry for military purposes dismantled Edu. & judicial systems would be purged of any authoritarian influence Repeal all discriminatory laws from Nazi era & arrest & trials of those Germans deemed to be “war criminals” German – Soviet – Polish borders…many Germanys in Poland, Czech, & Hungary deported Germans back to within the 4 zones occupied the allies United States, Great Britain, and China released the “Potsdam Declaration” …threatened Japan with “prompt and utter destruction” US believed that they were the only country with nuclear capability…SU were well aware of US nuclear program

Potsdam Conference In months following Yalta the Soviets consolidated control of E. Europe and not lived up to their promises of free elections Allied controlled commission to run Germany until decision could be reached on new German gov’t Germany would be demilitarized, de-nazified, divided into 4 occupation zones Capital of Berlin was divided into 4 zones 4 occupying nations could affect how the country and city would rebuild after the war Western border of Germany settled

Exit Card The Atlantic Charter was a precursor to what post WWII international peacekeeping agency? Who were the two Superpowers at the end of WWII? Describe two conferences and their outcomes during WWII discussed today in class.