The First Colonies
Colonization Major nations seek to acquire overseas territories for economic, political, or military reasons.
Push & Pull Factors Reasons why immigrants leave and seek settlement elsewhere. Push: starvation, war, poverty, religious/political persecution. starvation, war, poverty, religious/political persecution. Pull: land, opportunity, freedom, adventure. land, opportunity, freedom, adventure.
The Mayflower
The Southern Colonies Economy: Cash Crops: Tobacco, Rice, Indigo. Virginia Roanoke Island (1585) Roanoke Island (1585) British colony founded by John WhiteBritish colony founded by John White settlers mysteriously disappear in 1590 settlers mysteriously disappear in 1590 “CROTOAN” (nearby Island?) carved into tree“CROTOAN” (nearby Island?) carved into tree
Jamestown (1607) John Smith – British colonist & Protestant leader Protestants – opposed Catholic Church & had separated from it. Smith trades w/ Indians/later captured by the Powhatan tribe. Rescued by chieftain’s daughter, Pocahontas.
Jamestown show video
Jamestown cont. House of Burgesses Elected Assembly - In VA in Elected Assembly - In VA in 1619.
Maryland (1634) CCCCatholics Fleeing religious persecution Catholics migrated to MD. Under leadership of George Calvert, the Toleration Act was passed. Law granting freedom of religion.
The New England Colonies The New England Colonies Economy: shipbuilding, timber, trade. Plymouth Colony (1620) Founded by Puritans seeking religious freedom. Founded by Puritans seeking religious freedom. “Separatists”, fled Britain“Separatists”, fled Britain The Bible was clear/unambiguousThe Bible was clear/unambiguous World was evil/ perseverance neededWorld was evil/ perseverance needed Sermons: lengthy/exercises in logic.Sermons: lengthy/exercises in logic. show video
Massachusetts cont. Massachusetts Bay (1630) John Winthrop 12 term gov. who banished Hutchinson 12 term gov. who banished Hutchinson Organized Confed. of N.England. Organized Confed. of N.England. Anne Hutchinson Banned for preaching individual salvation. Banned for preaching individual salvation.
Plymouth
Rhode Island (1636) Roger Williams Banned from MA Bay for criticism of those in power. Banned from MA Bay for criticism of those in power. Later founds R. Island; religious tolerance. Later founds R. Island; religious tolerance.
The Middle Colonies Economy: Mills, Farming, “cash crops”: rye, wheat, barley. - New York (1624) - Delaware (1638) - New Jersey (1660) - Pennsylvania (1643) William Penn William Penn Founder who preached religious toleration.Founder who preached religious toleration.
The Quakers Pacifist group. Believed in democracy in church gov’t. democracy in church gov’t. Equality of opportunity Equality of opportunity Freedom of expression Freedom of expression Opposed to slavery Opposed to slavery