Quantum Theory, Periodicity and Experimental Techniques (Mass Spec/PES/Spectrophotometry)

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Presentation transcript:

Quantum Theory, Periodicity and Experimental Techniques (Mass Spec/PES/Spectrophotometry)

What to study: * Main scientists who contributed to the atomic model (name of experiment) * Quantum numbers (formula and what each quantum number means) * Formulas: (see what is provided in the formula sheet) -- calculating wavelength when energy level changes (R= X J ) --calculating energy from wavelength/frequency/c *Electromagnetic spectrum (relative order including visible light/ relationship of λ and frequency) *Rules for orbital diagram and electron configuration (including exceptions)

Vocab *Orbitals*Photon *Isoelectronic*Ionization *Paramagnetic *Electronegativity *Diamagnetic*Electron Affinity *Electron Configuration*Valence e *Noble Gas Config.*Metalloids *Quantum #’s*Hunds Rule *Z effective*Pauli Exclusion *Heisenberg Uncertainty*Aufbau Principle Principle

Molarity (M) = moles solute Liter solution

M 1 V 1 = M 2 V 2

Concentration – Moles/L (M) Dilution – M 1 V 1 = M 2 V 2 Ex. Create a solution with 10 moles of NaCl in 2 L water. This is your initial solution. Dilute this solution by taking 1L, transfer to a beaker and then add 1L of water. This makes your diluted to have a total new volume of 2 L (1:2 dilution) Initial Concentration: 10moles/2L = 5 M 1:2 Dilution: (5M) (1L) = M 2 (2L) M 2 = 2.5 M

Mini Lab: Determine the concentration of food dye using a spectrophotometer Materials: spec-20, test tubes, cuvets, DI water, Kimwipes, pipets, graduated cylinders Procedure: The group will be assigned either solution A, B or C. They have to determine proper dilution so the absorbance result will be within the range of the standard graph. The target wavelength is 630 nm.

Absorbance vs. Transmittance

Standard Graph Absorbance Concentration (mol/L)

Pre-Lab: Concentration of Food Dye Goal: To determine unknown concentration of food dye based on known concentration from a standard calibration curve A.Standard 1.7 X M B. ?

Mass Spectrometry

Photoelectron Spectroscopy

H1312 He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Ionization Energies in kJ/mol

LAB: Photoelectron Spectroscopy *Make sure to include: Title/ Purpose/ Materials/Questions Conclusion: *Discuss what information we can get from a PES graph. *Discuss ionization energy of electrons relative to their distance from the nucleus. *Discuss any limitations of the PES graph.