BASIC ENERGY SCIENCES -- Serving the Present, Shaping the Future Dr. Patricia M. Dehmer Director, Office of Basic Energy Sciences Office of Science U.S. Department of Energy 7 March June 2005 Basic Energy Sciences Update Office of Basic Energy Sciences Office of Science U.S. Department of Energy

I.FY 2006 Budget Update II.Basic Research Needs to Assure a Secure Energy Future – An Update

3 The Big Budget Chart FY 2006FY 2007 FY 2007 budget and initiatives are being formulated (Administration) YOU ARE HERE! June 2005 BESAC Mtg. FY 2006 appropriation (Congress) FY 2005 FY 2005 closeout (BES)

4 U.S. Competitiveness “Given the rising bar for competitiveness, the United States needs to be in the lead or among the leaders in every major field of research to sustain its innovation capabilities.” U.S. Competitiveness 2001: Strengths, Vulnerabilities and Long Term Priorities, Council on Competitiveness (This was the lead slide in the FY 2006 Office of Science budget rollout presentation.)

FY 2006 funding 1.6% below FY 2005 appropriations (excluding Congressionally directed projects) and 0.9% above the FY 2005 request  A difficult budget year – however, the Office of Science continues to provide world leadership in science and for energy security.  The budget forces us to make tough choices. SC’s prioritization provides for a strong and healthy future for U.S. science consistent with the 20-year facilities outlook.

Office of Science FY 2006 Congressional Budget Request

+3.75%

Includes all facilities except the Combustion Research Facility Includes the Combustion Research Facility +3.75% Materials Sciences and Engineering… Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Energy Biosciences ……………...…

10 A Tour of the FY 2006 BES Budget without Reading 106 Pages Page 59 Page 164 … 106 pages

11 Budget Numbers Only – 106 pages reduces to 2 pages Remember that FY 2005 column includes the $50M Congressional add on provided during the appropriation process last year.

12 Construction is Fully Funded

13 Operation of Scientific User Facilities $30M was provided to BES in FY 2006 for support of the SLAC linac. This begins the transition from HEP to BES ownership. This addition alone accounts for +2.72% increase in BES budget.

14 Research in the Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering -4,000

15 Research in the Div. of Chemical Sci., Geosciences, Biosciences

16 BASIC ENERGY SCIENCES The Committee recommendation for Basic Energy Sciences is $1,173,149,000, an increase of $27,132,000 over the budget request. … Research. —The Committee recommendation includes $772,025,000 for materials sciences and engineering, and $223,051,000 for chemical sciences, geosciences, and energy biosciences. An additional $19,737,000 is provided to maintain operating time on the Basic Energy Sciences user facilities at fiscal year 2005 levels, and an additional $7,395,000 is provided to restore university grants for core research in the basic energy sciences. The Committee recommendation funds nanoscale science research and the science research portion of the hydrogen initiative at the requested levels. Also included within this account is $7,280,000 for the Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR), the same as the budget request. Construction. —The Committee recommendation includes $178,073,000 for Basic Energy Sciences construction projects, the same as the requested amount. The Committee recommendation provides the requested funding of: $41,744,000 for the Spallation Neutron Source (99–E–334) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory; $2,544,000 for Title I and Title II design work (03–SC–002) and $83,000,000 to initiate construction (05–R–320) for the Linac Coherent Light Source at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center; $36,553,000 for the Center for Functional Nanomaterials (05–R– 321) at Brookhaven National Laboratory; $9,606,000 for the Molecular Foundry (04–R–313) at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; and $4,626,000 for the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (03–R–313) at Los Alamos and Sandia National Laboratories. FY 2006 Budget – House Mark

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18 Basic Research Needs to Assure a Secure Energy Future “Considering the urgency of the energy problem, the magnitude of the needed scientific breakthroughs, and the historic rate of scientific discovery, current efforts will likely be too little, too late. Accordingly, BESAC believes that a new national energy research program is essential and must be initiated with the intensity and commitment of the Manhattan Project, and sustained until this problem is solved.” BESAC Report, February 2003

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Fossil Carbon Energy Sources Coal Petroleum Natural Gas Oil shale, tar sands, hydrates,… Basic Research for a Secure Energy Future Supply, Consumption, and Carbon Management, Non-Carbon or Carbon Neutral Energy Sources/ Carriers Nuclear Fission Nuclear Fusion Hydropower Renewables Hydrogen Biomass Geothermal Ocean Wind Solar Carbon Management CO 2 Sequestration Carbon Recycle Geologic Terrestrial Oceanic Global Climate Change Science Energy Conservation, Energy Efficiency, and Environmental Stewardship Energy Consumption Transportation Buildings Industry Workshop #1 Workshop #2

21 Basic Research for Hydrogen Production, Storage and Use Workshop May 13-15, 2003 “Bridging the gaps that separate the hydrogen- and fossil-fuel based economies in cost, performance, and reliability goes far beyond incremental advances in the present state of the art. Rather, fundamental breakthroughs are needed in the understanding and control of chemical and physical processes involved in the production, storage, and use of hydrogen. Of particular importance is the need to understand the atomic and molecular processes that occur at the interface of hydrogen with materials in order to develop new materials suitable for use in a hydrogen economy. New materials are needed for membranes, catalysts, and fuel cell assemblies that perform at much higher levels, at much lower cost, and with much longer lifetimes. Such breakthroughs will require revolutionary, not evolutionary, advances. Discovery of new materials, new chemical processes, and new synthesis techniques that leapfrog technical barriers is required. This kind of progress can be achieved only with highly innovative, basic research.” Workshop Chair: Millie Dresselhaus(MIT) Associate Chairs:George Crabtree(ANL) Michelle Buchanan(ORNL)

22  Two solicitations (one for grants and one for FFRDCs) were issued in April FFRDCs were limited to six submissions as leading institution. There was no limit on the number of submissions for universities.  668 qualified preproposals were received by July 15, 2004 in the following five categories. – Novel Materials for Hydrogen Storage – Membranes for Separation, Purification, and Ion Transport – Design of Catalysts at the Nanoscale – Solar Hydrogen Production – Bio-Inspired Materials and Processes  227 full proposals were received by January 4, BES Solicitation for Basic Research for Hydrogen Fuel Initiative Storage (50) Membranes (52) Catalysis (56) Solar (49) Bio- Inspired (20) Full Proposals Submitted  70 hydrogen research projects have been selected. Participants in the projects include more than 50 research organizations in 25 states. A total of $64 million over three years will be provided by the Department to the awardees, subject to Congressional appropriations. Slightly over half of the funding is for university grants. Full Proposals Awarded Storage (17) Membranes (16) Catalysis (18) Solar (13) Bio- Inspired (6)

23 Pre-proposal Received Grant Lab Pre-proposal Encouraged Grant Lab Full Proposal Received Grant Lab Proposal Funded Grant Lab Novel Materials for Hydrogen Storage Membranes for Separation, Purification, Ion Transport Design of Catalysts at the Nanoscale Solar Hydrogen Production Bio-Inspired Materials and Processes Total BES Solicitation for Basic Research for Hydrogen Fuel Initiative Distribution of FY05 BES Hydrogen Solicitation Proposals and Awards

Fossil Carbon Energy Sources Coal Petroleum Natural Gas Oil shale, tar sands, hydrates,… Basic Research for a Secure Energy Future Supply, Consumption, and Carbon Management, Non-Carbon or Carbon Neutral Energy Sources/ Carriers Nuclear Fission Nuclear Fusion Hydropower Renewables Hydrogen Biomass Geothermal Ocean Wind Solar Carbon Management CO 2 Sequestration Carbon Recycle Geologic Terrestrial Oceanic Global Climate Change Science Energy Conservation, Energy Efficiency, and Environmental Stewardship Energy Consumption Transportation Buildings Industry Workshop #1 Workshop #2

26 I.Mission challenges – energy security  Basic Research Needs for a Secure Energy Future (BESAC)  Nanoscience Research for Energy Needs (NSTC)  Basic Research Needs for the Hydrogen Economy (BES)  Basic Research Needs for Effective Solar Energy Utilization (BES)  Other topics for near-term workshops include:  Materials sciences for advanced energy systems and other select materials problems  Efficient, benign chemistry and materials synthesis and processing II.Fundamental science challenges that underpin the mission  The ultrasmall: Science at the nanoscale – the length scale where materials properties and functionality develop.  The ultrafast: Science at femtosecond and shorter timescales – the time scale where chemistry happens.  Complexity: Science of systems that exhibit emergent properties not anticipated from an understanding of the components.  Theory, modeling, and simulation (TMS): Explaining, predicting, simulating. III.Enabling tools – Major scientific user facilities & other special instruments  Scientific user facilities for the Nation  Facilities that provide the fundamental probes of matter – photons, neutrons, and electrons – for materials characterization. Also, instrumentation and sample environments at these facilities.  Nanoscale Science Research Centers – facilities for fabrication, characterization, and TMS.  Facilities and tools for ultrafast science – the Linac Coherent Light Source; table-top ultrafast laser systems; and, eventually, time-resolved electron beam characterization. Basic Research for DOE Missions is a Prime Investment Strategy Basic Research Needs for Effective Solar Energy Utilization April 18-21, 2005 Workshop Chair Professor Nate Lewis CalTech All of these reports may be downloaded at