Partnerships Spatial Data Infrastructures Metadata

Partnerships Often fraught with hazards – can take longer and create friction BUT Often there is no real choice for they can bring: –New staff skills –Additional technology –Marketing skills –Better brand image –New insights on user needs –New products –Cost- and risk-sharing

Local partnerships: an example Channel Island National Marine Sanctuary NOAA NMS SB County Planning & Develop Island Packers Blue Planet Commercial Fisherman of SB, Inc Ventura College UCSB Channel Islands National Park Calif Coastal Commission Many, many others … SSE CIPE

News of GIS Day is spread by use of the Internet and by advertising. Any organization can host such an event: 2,400+ organizations hosted GIS Day events in more than 91 different countries in 1999 (see map). About 2.4 million children and adults were enlightened on GIS technology on that day Local to global partnerships: an example

National partnerships via NSDIs The problem: –Data duplication commonplace – so waste occurs –Ad hoc data sharing has many difficulties –Data often tailored to one application –Best data often collected in greatest detail at local level but not accessible to regional or national folk –Indexes/metadata to available GI unknown until recently –No general protocols for any of this until NSDI..

What is a National Spatial Data Infrastructure? ‘the technology, policies, standards, and human resources necessary to acquire, process, store, distribute, and improve utilization of geospatial data’ Source: Presidential Executive Order #12906 (1994): 'Co- ordinating Geographic Data Acquisition and Access: The National Spatial Data Infrastructure' W Clinton. BUT what does it mean in practice?

Initial elements of the US NSDI Defined standards (mandated on federal agencies and encouraged for others) Minimizing inconsistency Clearinghouse – metadata descriptions of existing data. Advertising what is available National geospatial data framework - a common ‘template’ on which to assemble other data

The NSDI is composed of Metadata Geospatial data Geospatial data Clearinghouse Standards Partnerships

The data provide a core... Geospatial Data

Categories of Geospatial Data Community-developed data sets usually derived for a single purpose but made available for potential re-use Data sets developed to a common content specification for high re-use potential. These are known as “Framework” data.

GEOdata Framework Categories of Geospatial Data

Framework provides... a foundation to which spatial information and attributes can be added. a base on which other themes of data can be compiled. context to orient and link the results of analyses to the landscape

Digital orthoimagery Elevation and bathymetry Boundaries Railroads Geodetic Federal State Local Private Utilities Spatial AnalysisBase for Other DataFinished Maps Roads Cadastral Hydrography Framework Data Spatial AnalysisBase for Other DataFinished Maps

GEOdata Framework Metadata Describing your data...

Metadata: “nutritional” label for GIS data sets

The uses of metadata documentation of existing (inventory) structured search and comparison (advertising) use data in an appropriate context (liability)

Metadata developments Refinement of the FGDC Metadata Standard Harmonization with international standards Collection tools available Training available from FGDC

GEOdata Framework Metadata Making data discoverable... Clearinghouse (catalog)

Clearinghouse provides... Discovery of spatial data Distributed search worldwide Uniform interface for spatial data searches Advertising for your data holdings

Clearinghouse operates as... Entry point to constellation of servers Collection of distributed Z39.50 servers A virtual “Google” for geospatial data

WebClient Gateway Clearinghouse “Nodes” or Servers This is all “Clearinghouse” NOAA Oregon USGSNMD NGS

GEOdata Framework Metadata Clearinghouse (catalog) Standards Consistent approaches...

Who builds standards? ISO - Intl Standards Organization FGDC Standards working group in partnership with... FGDC Thematic subcommittees Concerned organizations Producers and users of geospatial data

Types of standards Data content —Common classifications —Common collection criteria Data management –Metadata –Spatial Data Transfer Standard (SDTS)

Standards under development Base Cartographic Cultural and Demographic Metadata Geodetic Control Networks Transportation Network Profile RiverReach File Version 3.0 Earth Cover Classification Geologic Facilities Shoreline

Partnerships GEOdata Framework Metadata Clearinghouse (catalog) Standards

Lots of people involved… Federal government (many agencies) State government Local government Private sector – contractors, value- adders, exploiters Not for profit organizations Citizenry Others… No one is in charge…

The Geospatial One-Stop at geodata.gov

Growth in use of US NSDI Clearinghouse Note: Rapid growth International use almost as big as national Source: Henry Tom

An example of a global partnership

OSU Transboundary Waters waterpartners.geo.orst.edu

Governments and the private sectors National governments own and control national mapping agencies All such mapping produced to national specifications until recently New private sector providers: –Produce imagery for anywhere in world –Produce road databases How do we get these to work together?

A Global Spatial Data Infrastructure? Difficult enough to get national players to work together… Is GSDI a process, a general framework or a product? Who are the stakeholders? Who needs it? (military doing what they need themselves?)

A Research Agenda Future of the Spatial Information Infrastructure –Information policy Intellectual property rights, privacy, liability –Digital government research –Local generation and integration of data Public participation GIS

Other Research Priorities (Long Term) Geographic Representation Scale Spatial Data Acquisition & Integration Spatial Cognition Spatial Ontologies Space and Space/Time Analysis & Modeling Uncertainty Visualization GIS and Society Geographic Information Engineering

Short Term Research Priorities priorities-->research Institutional aspects of SDIs GI Partnering GI Resource Mgmt Gradation, Indeterminate Boundaries Geospatial Semantic Web Spatialization Pervasive Computing Location Based Services Spatial Clustering Geoslavery & Security Geospatial Data Fusion Global Representation and Modeling Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery Dynamic Modeling

Education Priorities priorities-->education Model Curricula Emerging Technolgies –Distance Education Supporting Infrastructure Access and Equity Professional Education Alternative Designs for Curriculum Content and Evaluation Research-based Graduate Education Learning with GIS Accrediation and Certification

Life, partnerships and GIS When do you work in partnership with other people or organisations? –What makes it worthwhile? The same applies to GIS partnerships: –Commitment to a cause, wish to improve matters? –Personal ambition? Influence? Fame? Status? –Money?

Summary Partnerships versus competition –Local –National Spatial Data Infrastructure Geodata, Framework, Metadata, Clearinghouse, Standards, Partnerships –Global Spatial Data Infrastructures Political power in partnerships Bringing it all together: the GIS game

Summary cont. Choose GIS partners carefully, nurture relationships…