Cellular Respiration The process by which living things release energy stored in organic molecules The process by which living things release energy stored in organic molecules Takes Place in 2 major stages Takes Place in 2 major stages –Glycolysis –Oxidative Respiration or Fermentation

I. Glycolysis - The splitting of glucose into 2 three Carbon molecules called Pyruvate Occurs in cytoplasm Occurs in cytoplasm 4 ATP produced but 2 are used in process 4 ATP produced but 2 are used in process Does NOT require OXYGEN Does NOT require OXYGEN

II. Anaerobic vs Aerobic A. Anaerobic (w/o O 2 ) Fermentation Fermentation Process by which pyruvate is converted into either alcohol and CO 2 or lactic acid Process by which pyruvate is converted into either alcohol and CO 2 or lactic acid Occurs in cytoplasm Occurs in cytoplasm Only 2 ATP are produced Only 2 ATP are produced NAD  NADH NAD  NADH

The 3 steps of cellular respiration are: Glycolysis Glycolysis The Krebs cycle The Krebs cycle Electron Transport Electron Transport

Each Cell uses between 1-2 billion ATP/min. Each Cell uses between 1-2 billion ATP/min. How many ATP’s are used each minute by all 100 trillion cells in the body? How many ATP’s are used each minute by all 100 trillion cells in the body? 1 glucose = 686 Cal 1 glucose = 686 Cal 1 ATP = 7 Cal 1 ATP = 7 Cal How efficient is aerobic respiration? How efficient is aerobic respiration? 7x36= 252; 252\686 = 36% 7x36= 252; 252\686 = 36% Automobiles are only 25% efficient in converting chemical energy into mechanical energy? Automobiles are only 25% efficient in converting chemical energy into mechanical energy?

Muscle Fatigue Inability of muscle to contract Inability of muscle to contract Results from a deficit of ATP and/or accumulation of lactic acid  lowers pH Results from a deficit of ATP and/or accumulation of lactic acid  lowers pH

Oxygen Consumption After ExerciseOxygen Consumption After Exercise –After exercise, heavy breathing continues and oxygen consumption remains above the resting level –Oxygen debt –This added oxygen is used to restore muscle cells to the resting level in three ways 1) to convert lactic acid into glycogen1) to convert lactic acid into glycogen 2) to synthesize creatine phosphate and ATP2) to synthesize creatine phosphate and ATP 3) to replace the oxygen removed from myoglobin3) to replace the oxygen removed from myoglobin

Sources of Energy for contraction Glycolysis 2 ATP Glycolysis 2 ATP Lactic Acid Fermentation 2 ATP Lactic Acid Fermentation 2 ATP Aerobic Respiration 36 ATP Aerobic Respiration 36 ATP Creatine Phosphate (5x more than ATP) (donates Phosphate to ADP  ATP) Creatine Phosphate (5x more than ATP) (donates Phosphate to ADP  ATP) Exercise Requirements: 10 min. taps glycogen for glucose Exercise Requirements: 10 min. taps glycogen for glucose min. Cells use either glucose or fatty acids (bloodstream) min. Cells use either glucose or fatty acids (bloodstream) Beyond 30 min.  fatty acids are primary source Beyond 30 min.  fatty acids are primary source

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