The Origins and Early History of Israel Origins and naming of the Hebrews Conquest or Settlement Emergence of the monarchy and the kingdom of Israel Textual.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Abraham to Moses The stories and their historicity.
Advertisements

The Ancient Hebrews and the Origins of Judaism
Section 3: The Hebrews and Judaism. Section 3: The Hebrews and Judaism Main Idea The ancient Hebrews and their religion, Judaism, have been a major influence.
Ancient Israel Review. The people who became Jews first lived in ……
Chapter 7 Hebrews and Judaism. Early Hebrews  Between 2000 and 1)1500BC  They appeared in 2)Southwest Asia  Known as 3)Hebrews  They were 4)sheep.
Israelite Settlement OTST 510 Archaeology and the Bible Lesson 10 part 4.
History of Israel/Palestine Conflict Ancient History.
 Ancient Israel is the birthplace of the 3 great monotheistic religions of the world: Judaism, Christianity and Islam  Ancient Israel dates back.
Ancient Israel.
Ancient Egypt & Judaism
Section 4: The Origins of Judaism
The Ancient Near East Section 3 Preview Main Idea / Reading Focus The Early Hebrews The Kingdom of Israel Map: Israel and Judah The Teachings of Judaism.
The Hebrews & Judaism Chapter 2.
Do Now How could a group of people be politically unimportant but culturally important?
The Ancient Hebrews and Judaism
World History I Heritage High School Mr. Irwin. Belief Systems – The Hebrews believed in one God and tried to follow his commandments. Geography – Enslaved.
Major World Relgions. Judaism & the Israelites Preview Main Idea The Early Hebrews The Kingdom of Israel Map: Israel and Judah The Teachings of Judaism.
Bible Time Line Back to Main Menu
Ancient Chronology & Hebrew History. Problems of Ancient History What counts as evidence? – Secularist: ancient records, archeological evidence interpreted.
The Ancient Hebrews and the Origins of Judaism. Torah Contains the stories of the Ancient Hebrews and how they created Judaism Contains the stories of.
Chapter 3, Section 2 Early Israelites The Israelites (location) were also known as the Hebrews (culture/ethnicity), and are known today as Jews (religion).
 Hebrews= Ancestors of Jews  Kept records  Religion= Judaism  Writings of Hebrew prophets make up Hebrew and Christian Bible.
Hebrews & Judaism. HEBREWS  Small group of people who had a great influence on world history  Their religion became known as Judaism, and is the “parent”
Judaism. An Ancient Religion Over 4000 years old Founded by Abraham, who once lived in Mesopotamia Jewish religion is closely tied to Christianity and.
The Early Hebrews The Big Idea
Ancient Egypt & Judaism
The Phoenicians lived in a region at the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea that was is now known as Palestine. It became the home of the Hebrews and.
History Israel and Christianity. Israelites  Loose collection of nomadic groups  Engaged in herding  Later became sedentary  Lived in permanent settlements.
Ch. 3/1 “The First Israelites”
The Hebrews and Judaism
Ancient Israel. Historical Overview ► Ancient Israel is the birthplace of the 3 great monotheistic religions of the world: Judaism, Christianity and Islam.
Ancient Israel. Historical Overview ► Ancient Israel is the birthplace of the 3 great monotheistic religions of the world: Judaism, Christianity and Islam.
KEY PLAYERS OF JUDAISM Chapter 10 The players  Played a significant, or important role in shaping the early history of the Ancient Israelites.
The Jewish People-History. Abraham  Abraham is the patriarch or forefather of the Jewish people  Lived around 2000 BCE  He was a herder in the city.
Lands of the Bible. What is religion? A view of the world A view of the world Faith and creeds Faith and creeds Relationship to a supreme being Relationship.
JUDAISM. WHEN & WHERE AROUND B.C. IN PALESTINE.
Ancient Israel. Historical Overview ► Ancient Israel is the birthplace of the 3 great monotheistic religions of the world: Judaism, Christianity and Islam.
Please open your books to page 12
Judaism.
Chapter 2, Section 5 Roots of Judaism.
Ancient Israel.
History of the Hebrews & Origins of Judaism
The Emergence of the Israelites. 2 Settlement: (See Textbook, pp ) - The books of Joshua and Judges are part of the Deuteronomistic History; - Theology.
The Israelites Overview Article This article is from: Kidspast.com.
JUDAISM BC LOCATION Between… PALESTINE Philistines  They lived in Palestine --> nomadic people CANAAN  ancient home of the Hebrew  later.
Notes 8 Chapter 6. Beginnings Judaism is both an ancient and modern religion. Unlike other civilizations of the time, the Israelites were monotheistic.
Judaism Origins. What is a Jew? Hard to define in terms of religious beliefs – Multiple beliefs and schisms within religion – Hasidic to Reform to Atheist.
Early Israelites. The Land of Canaan Most ancient cultures worshipped many deities The Israelites, one of many peoples living in Canaan, followed monotheism,
Cambridge University Press © Peta Goldburg 2015 Chapter 1 Old Testament Chapter Summary.
Although the origins of the Hebrews is unclear, it is believed they migrated from Mesopotamia to Canaan during the 2 nd century B.C.
Hebrews & Judaism. HEBREWS Small group of people who had a great influence on world history Their religion became known as Judaism, and is the “parent”
Chapter 10: The Hebrew Kingdoms
HEBREW MONOTHEISM. As states and empires increased in size and contacts between regions multiplied, religious and cultural systems were transformed. Religions.
The Ancient Middle East and Egypt (3200 B.C-500 B.C)
Background Hebrew means “From across”- name given to Abraham and his followers Israelites: Abraham’s grandson Jacob renamed Israel which means “he who.
The Ancient Hebrews and the Origins of Judaism: The Story of the Jews From the Jewish Perspective History Alive Chapter 11.
Hebrew beginnings, beliefs, customs, and traditions
The Ancient Middle East and Egypt (3200 B.C-500 B.C)
The Hebrews and the Origins of Judaism
The Ancient Hebrews and the Origins of Judaism
Ancient Israel.
Judaism The Origins of Judaism.
The Beginnings of Judaism
The Roots of Judaism Section 5 of Chapter 2
Ancient Israel Essential Questions:
Ancient Israel 1.
The Hebrews and Judaism
Hebrew beginnings, beliefs, customs, and traditions
Survey of the Old Testament
Presentation transcript:

The Origins and Early History of Israel Origins and naming of the Hebrews Conquest or Settlement Emergence of the monarchy and the kingdom of Israel Textual problems of the biblical narratives (sources, dating, authenticity and inconsistencies) The impact of archaeological evidence

Origins of the Hebrews There are two main theories for the origins of the Hebrews. Both arguments originate from the bible.  The Patriarchs from the book of Genesis  The Exodus out of Egypt from the book of Exodus

The Patriarch Model Genesis tells as that Abraham was born in 1900BC and emigrated from Ur in southern Iraq. The story then continues with Abraham’s sojourn at Haran, near the present Turkish-Syrian border, his arrival in Canaan, and the interaction of the three generations of the Patriarchs with the local city states.

Patriarch Support E.A. Speiser argues that the culture of the Patriarchs is very similar to the culture of the Haran region at the time.The stories of Abraham and Isaac describing their wives as sisters to ensure their safety in Egypt is a Hurrian customs. Abraham is also blessed by Melchizedek, king and high priest of Jerusalem, the city whose ancient origins are confirmed by both the Tel El-Amarna Letters and the excavation of the Jebusite city of Jerusalem by Kathleen Kenyon between 1961 and 1967

Patriarch Criticism However Leonard Woolley’s Excavations at Ur does not particularly verify the Abrahamic claim to Mesopotamian origins. The excavations reveal a non-Semitic Sumerian city at the time of Abraham’s occupation

The Exodus Some 400 years after Abraham there is a second originating moment, with the escape from slavery in Egypt, the journey in the Sinai desert and the return to the Land promised to the Patriarchs.

The Egyptian wall art depicts Ramses holding what is suspected to be three slaves. One is black, one appears to be East Asian, and the third, in the foreground, is Semitic. Supporting the argument that the Hebrews were in Egypt between

Support for the Exodus The Exodus model is mainly supported by biblical references in the book of Exodus However the “Merneptah Stele” recording the victories of Ramses’ son in about 1220 BC, mentions Israel by name, showing that by this time the Israelites were a separate nation.

Merneptah Stele Merneptah pylon at University of Penn Museum

Criticism of the Exodus The records of the Pharaohs make no mention of military defeats or the escape of tribes of slaves.

Naming of the Hebrews The Jewish people are described by three alternative names, as Hebrews, Israelites and Jews.

The Hebrews The word 'Hebrew' – ‘Ivri’ – is used as an ethnic description in the bible. R. Laird Harris, "The biblical record quite definitely indicates 'Ibri' is derived from ‘Eber', the name of one of Shem's sons. Abraham is identified as a descendant of Shem, 'Ibri' is used of the descendants of Eber, through Abraham." A contrasting view argues that Genesis probably came into existence after the national identifier was already established. ‘Ibri’ could have derived from the linguistic root 'abar’ a non-Israelite word with the connotation of “crossing over”, conveying the idea of "stranger” or “immigrant“.

Conquest or Settlement There is a debate as to how the Hebrews acquired the land of Israel. The two main theories are:  Gradual Nomadic Infiltration  Mass Nomadic Invasion

Gradual Nomadic Infiltration Gradual Nomadic Infiltration suggests that the Israelite occupation of Western Palestine began with gradual and peaceful movements of individual tribes and clans from the desert into the central hills Historian A. Alt put forward this theory and is supported by Egyptian sources and later confirmed by Palestinian archeology. J.R Kooper and M. Noth also support this view

Mass Nomadic Invasion Mass Nomadic Invasion argues for the military invasion of Israel and the conquest of the Mesopotamia by the Jews. This view is supported by the bible in Joshua 10 and Judges 1 Historians S. Moscati and W. F. Albright support this idea of conquest.

Emergence of the Monarchy and the Kingdom of Israel Israel emerged as a kingdom as the period of judgeship and clans transitioned into a monarchy, but it is debated as to how the monarchy emerged. There are two main theories as to how the monarch emerged:  The anti-monarchical  The Pro-monarchical

Anti-monarchic The anti-monarchical theory describes Samuel to have begrudgingly accepting that the people demanded a ruler, and thus appointing Saul by cleromancy. This is supported by the First Book of 1 Samuel, 8:

Pro-monarchical The pro-monarchical theory describes the divine birth of Saul and his later leading of an army to victory over the Ammonites, which resulted in the people clamouring for him to lead them against the Philistines, whereupon he is appointed king. This theory is supported by 1 Samuel, 9: 5

Textual problems of the biblical narratives K. A. Kitchen proposes 2 basic criticisms when dealing with biblical narratives  Supposed doublets. Two versions of a story or event, usually held to be incompatible.  The evolutionary theories of developing religion. The Old Testament was written based thematically rather than a chronologically.

Supposed doublets The origins of the Hebrews presents two versions of history, the patriarch theory and the exodus theory contradict and create problems for the authenticity of the bible as a historical source. The emergence of the monarchy also creates inconsistencies for the history of the Israelites.

Developing Religion The developing nature of the Old Testament at this time creates issues for dating the history of the Early Israel. The composition of 1 Samuel: 13 has led historians to question the length of Saul’s reign and to question the authenticity of the Unification of Israel under one king.

The Impact of Archaeological Evidence Archaeological evidence has helped solve some of the debates about the origins and early history of the Israelites. Numerous archaeologists have excavated Palestine and the ancient sites of Israel and Canaan but to date no evidence has been found for a Joshua-style Israelite invasion of Canaan. Supporting the theory of Gradual Nomadic Infiltration. Sociological studies have helped archaeologists and historians understand how these small settlements evolved into a Kingdom -- the Kingdom of Israel.

The Impact of Archaeological Evidence The main issue that archaeology presents with the study of the origins and early history of Israel is that often the archaeological record and the biblical record do not match. This presents a problem for a subject that is the underlying history of the Christian faith

Bibliography Albright, W. F. Biblical Period from Abraham to Ezra: An Historical Study, London, Harper, 1963 Alt, A. Essays on Old Testament history and religion. Doubleday, London, Finkelstein I. and Silberman N., The Bible Unearthed: Archaeology's New Vision of Ancient Israel and the Origin of Its Sacred Texts, New York, Free Press 2002 Kitchen, K. A. Ancient Orient and Old Testament New York, InterVarsity Press, 1975

Bibliography Laird, Harris, R. Exploring the Basics of the Bible, New York, Crossways Books, 2002 Moscati, S. Semites in Ancient History, University of Wales, London, 1959 Renn, S. Expository Dictionary of Bible Words: Word Studies for Key English Bible Words Based on the Hebrew And Greek Texts, Sydney, Hendrickson Publishers 2005 Speiser, E.A. found in Freedman, D The Anchor Bible, Volume 1, Doubleday, London 1998