Access Sociology Basic Sociological Concepts. Concepts Culture: a way of life. Socialisation: learning a culture and the appropriate way to behave in.

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Access Sociology Basic Sociological Concepts

Concepts Culture: a way of life. Socialisation: learning a culture and the appropriate way to behave in society. Nature/ Nurture debate: whether we are determined by our genes and biology, or influenced by our environment, culture and socialisation.

The Jim Twins What similarities did the Jim Twins have? What do you think of this ‘nature’ argument?

Functionalism and the Nature Debate Functionalism is a theory which claims that society has a common culture and we are in consensus (agreement) about what is important in society. Functionalists are traditional in that they think children should be raised in a family headed by a breadwinner father and caring mother (suited because of their biological traits).

Examples of cultural difference In rural traditional China, a woman’s father or one of her brothers is responsible for finding a husband for her. Her family is disgraced if she refuses. For a Koryak woman of Siberia, sharing a husband with other wives is an ideal system, reducing her workload and providing company.

Among the Cheyenne Indians a son-in-law is expected to provide for his mother-in-law, but never speak to her. If he is alone with her, he must cover his head with a buffalo robe.

Culture Concepts Cultural Diversity: A society with culturally embedded differences. Subculture: A group with shared norms and values; a distinct group within the majority culture. Values: General principle/ belief that people agree on. Norms: An agreed common form of behaviour. Status: Social standing within a society.

Socialisation concepts Primary Socialisation: Socialisation by the family in the early stages of life. Secondary Socialisation: Socialisation from the age of 5 onwards from education, media, peer group, religion and workplace. Agencies of socialisation: Social institutions which form part of the process of passing on to people the norms and values of their society. Social Control: The means by which society controls its members. Sanctions: Rewards or punishments that a society sets up to enforce the norms