The American Pageant Chapter 19 Drifting Toward Disunion, 1854-1861 Cover Slide Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

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The American Pageant Chapter 19 Drifting Toward Disunion, Cover Slide Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Free State Battery, 1856 The slave state of Missouri opposed the entry of antislavery advocates for years and, by the 1850s, actively tried to prevent their passage through Missouri on the way to Kansas. "Free-staters" traveled through Iowa instead, often bringing arms with them. This small cannon, left over from the Mexican War, helped create "Bleeding Kansas." (Kansas State Historical Society) Free State Battery, 1856 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Lincoln Clean-shaven at the time of his famous debates with Douglas, Lincoln would soon grow a beard to give himself a more distinguished appearance. (Library of Congress) Lincoln Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Lincoln by Alexander Gardner, 1861 When Lincoln became president in March of 1861, he faced more severe problems than any predecessor. Photographer Mathew Brady captured this image of the solemn president-elect on February 23, 1861, a few weeks after the formation of the Confederacy and shortly before Lincoln's inauguration. (Library of Congress) Lincoln by Alexander Gardner, 1861 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Map: Bleeding Kansas Bleeding Kansas Kansas became a battleground between free-state and slave-state factions in the 1850s. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Map: The Election of 1860 The Election of 1860 The division of the existing states proved a deep sectional division in American politics. Lincoln won no electoral votes in the South, Breckenridge won none in the North. States such as California, Illinois, and Pennsylvania shifted to Republican Party support between 1856 and Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.