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Views and conflicts Maine Boundary Dispute Webster-Ashburton Treaty (1842) Texas Annexation Debate Settlement of Texas ( ) Issues with Mexico and insurrection 1834 General Antonia Lopez de Santa Anna Sam Houston – Revolution and Independent Texas (Oct 1835-April 1836) Battle of San Antonio – Alamo Goliad campaign Battle of San Jacinto Battle of San Jacinto Sam Houston and U.S. Congress Annexation Debate Texas enters the Union ( Dec. 29, 1845)
Oregon settlement (1830s -40s) “FEVER” Negotiations with Britain Sec. of State Calhoun proposal Issues/problems
James K. Polk background and views Domestic Achievements Walker Tariff 1846 Independent Treasury Internal improvement Bill disputes Manifest Destiny Oregon Treaty or Fight!
Settlement of New Mexico Mormon Church Brigham Young and State of Deseret Settlement of California Mexican War ( ) Reasons for and events leading to Conduct of the war New Mexico and California Mexico and Peace Settlement; Treaty of Guadeloupe Hidalgo Legacy Election 1848 – Taylor vs. Cass
It is now established that the President of the United States has but to declare that War exists,... And the War is essentially declared.” JQ Adams
Sectional Controversy Wilmot Proviso Fugitive Slave Acts Personal Liberty Laws Prigg vs. Pa. (1842) Northern Anger increases California Gold Rush ( ) Debate over California Clay’s Omnibus Bill Compromise 1850 – Clay, Calhoun, Webster President Taylor’s reaction and shocking event President Fillmore
Slavery vs. Free Labor Southern Fears and major concerns Northern views Slave Power Conspiracy Fugitive Slave Law Harriet Beecher Stowe and Uncle Tom’s Cabin Election 1852 Democrats party shifts Franklin Pierce Whigs – divisions – Gen. Winfield Scott – fall of Whigs Northern anger over the election
Efforts to acquire Cuba Ostend Manifesto (1854) Central America Nicaraguan Canal issues Clayton-Bulwer Treaty Panama Railway Co. Vanderbilt and William Walker Gadsden Purchase (1853) Domestic Conflict Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) and Sen. Stephen Douglas
Settlement of Kansas Free-soilers vs. pro-slavers – battleground Territorial Election and Scandal Andrew Reeder vs. President Pierce TWO governments Bleeding Kansas Henry Ward Beecher and John Brown Pottawtomie Creek Brooks-Sumner Affair (May 19/ )
Know-Nothing Party Rise of NEW Republican Party (1854) Election of 1856 Divisions in Democrats; Republicans emerge; Know-Nothings Buchanan’s Presidency ( ) Dred Scott Decision – Scott vs. Sanford Crisis Over Kansas Lecompton Constitution Buchanan’s reaction Compromise or Blackmail – Kansas reacts
The Panic of 1857 Congressional Elections 1858 Lincoln-Douglas Debates Views of Douglas – Freeport Doctrine and issues Lincoln’s vies Raid on Harper’s Ferry (October 16, 1859) John Brown’s Help and assistance Raid and aftermath “John Brown’s Body” -- martyr
Democrats Split Republicans Rejoice The campaign South Secedes PANIC – attempts to Compromise Crittenden Compromise Lincoln’s “kills” it Showdown at fort Sumter, SC March 4, 1861 – Lincoln’s address Lincoln vs. South Carolina (April 1861)
Lincoln Takes Command March 4, 1861 – Inaugural Address Showdown at Fort Sumter (March-April 1861) Major Anderson message Lincoln’s message to Confederates April 12, 1861
CSA – Confederate States of America Confederate Government Confederation Strengths and weaknesses of the government Jefferson Davis and other leaders
Lincoln’s Leadership – Union Government Personality and political know-how “Rightness of Cause” Absence of Congress and govern by Executive Order Broad war powers and Republican Congress Supreme Court support – Prize Cases Emergency powers – suspend habeas corpus Bill of Rights ignored Ex parte Milligan court case Growing strength of Republicans and factions Peace Democrats/Copperheads Unionists/Federalists
Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri Lincoln’s approach and dealings with each Delaware Kentucky Maryland Missouri Virginia Protestors – West Virginia