Unit 1 – European Colonization (Exploration) United States History Mrs. O’Shea

Overview  First Americans???  America before 1500 A.D.  European World before 1500 A.D.  African World before 1500 A.D.  Age of Exploration  Conquistadors  Colonization

First Americans???  Migration – movement of people who want to settle in a new place  Bering Strait – land bridge during Ice Age  Known as the Clovis Theory  Came in waves  Migrated east and south

America before 1500 What do we know about these people??? These groups had no real written records. Study objects – learn about way people live

European World Early Middle Ages – 500 to 1000 A.D. –Unstable –Rise of Islam – Muslims spread religion throughout North Africa, Arabia and present- day Spain –Feudalism – political system of lords, lesser lords, serfs –Roman Catholic Church ruled.

European World Late Middle Ages – 1000 – 1300 A.D. –New farming techniques ->more people ->need more land –Crusades – unsuccessful attempts by Christians to take back Jerusalem from Muslims -> increased demand for trade goods –Growth of cities -> Middle Class developed (artisans, merchants, traders) ->money economy was revived-> breakdown of feudal system –Rise of Monarchs –Rise of Universities –Black Death – The Plaque

European World Renaissance – 1300 – 1500 A.D. –Rebirth of culture and learning –Produced Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, Donatello, Shakespeare –Printing Press – makes written word accessible to average person –Reformation – protestant church formed –Nations arose – France, England, Spain, Portugal –Invention of compass, astrolabe, and quadrant, caravel made long sea voyages possible

Europeans Renaissance 1300 A.D. – 1500 A.D. Time of rebirth Emphasis on education, invention, arts (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles) Nations were created – France, England, Spain, Portugal (competitive) Inventions = long sea voyages possible More money – more trade Dark Ages 500 A.D. – 1300 A.D. Fall of Roman Empire War Black Death (Plague) Trade – dangerous - Muslim world was treacherous for Europeans

Explore? Why? Marco Polo – Italian Traveled to China overland Remained in China for 15 years Returned and wrote of travels - “The Travels of Marco Polo” Why is this important? Fueled interest in travel and in goods from Asia

Motives for Exploration 1.Christianity – wanted to spread Christianity 2.Wealth – wanted to make money with trade 3. Fame – wanted to become famous 4. National Pride – competition with other countries 5. Curiosity

1440s - Prince Henry the Navigator - explored west of Africa 1487 Bartholomew Dias - rounded the Cape of Good HopeBartholomew Dias 1498 Vasco da Gama – reached India ALL PORTUGUESE

What Next? Portugal discovered two things about going around Africa to Asia 1) wasn't shorter 2) wasn't cheaper

Background Born in Genoa, Italy Trained in Navigator school in Portugal Voyage to “New World” funded by Spain Reasons for Voyage 1. Fame 2. God 3. Trade Route – Competition with Portugal Effects on Native Americans Devastated by disease (smallpox, typhus, measles, chicken pox, whooping cough) Effects on Europeans Wealth (gold, silver, cash crops) Christopher Columbus’s Voyage

Conquistadors and Colonies God, Glory, Gold Spanish Conquerors = Conquistadors – Spanish built empires in Americas Did not drive natives out of lands, forced them to be part of colonial system

Review for Quiz Define Migration. Migration from Asia – Bering Land Bridge What is pre-history? European Culture - Middle Ages. Renaissance, views on land, trade European exploration Christopher Columbus Motives for exploration Portuguese explorers Conquistadors