Organic Molecules

Carbohydrates AKA Sugars Monomer: Monosaccharide (single sugar) Structure: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen 1:2:1 GlucoseSucrose C 6 H 12 O 6 C 12 H 22 O 11 ***Dehydration synthesis

Carbohydrates (Cont.) Uses: 1) Energy source for living things 2) Structural purposes Cell wall – Plants – Made of cellulose Insect Exoskeleton – Chitin

Carbohydrates (Cont.) Types/Examples: 1) Monosaccharides – Single sugar C 6 H 12 O 6 2) Disaccharide – Two sugars C 12 H 22 O 11 3) Polysaccharide – Many sugars Long chains of hundreds

Carbohydrates (Cont.) Examples of Polysaccharides 1) Starch (Plants) / Glycogen (Animals) Long chains of glucose – Short term sugar storage 2) Cellulose Thousands of glucose molecules Makes up the cell wall *Humans can’t digest

Lipids AKA Fats, Oils, Waxes Monomer: Glycerol and Fatty Acids Structure: Non-polar molecules Composed of C, H,and O

Lipids (Cont.) Uses: 1) Energy storage 2) Make up cell membrane 3) Waterproof coverings 4) Chemical messengers

Lipids (Cont.) Saturated Fats: Maximum # of H NO DOUBLE BOND Clog arteries Come from animals Unsaturated Fats: Not saturated with H Contains a double bond Do not clog arteries Come from plants Polyunsaturated: More than one double bond

Proteins Monomer: Amino Acids Structure: Long chains of amino acids Composed mostly of COHN There are only 20 different amino acids Works like the alphabet All are exactly the same except for the side group

Proteins (Cont.) Uses: 1) Control rate of reaction (Enzymes) 2) Regulate cell processes (Hormones) 3) Movement (Muscles) 4) Structure (Tendons/Cartilage) 5) Transport substances (Hemoglobin) 6) Fight disease (Antibodies)

Proteins (Cont.) Examples: See previous slide Enzymes – Speed up chemical reactions Lock and Key Model

Nucleic Acids Monomer: Nucleotides Structure:

Nucleic Acids (Cont.) Uses: Store and transmit genetic info Types/Examples: DNARNA SugarDeoxyriboseRibose FunctionBlueprint for lifeCarries DNA info from nucleus out to other cell parts