Chapter 3 Section 3  Religious and Political Changes in Europe

Religious and Political Changes in Europe  The Protestant Reformation oStarted by Martin Luther (Germany 1517)  Goal was to reform the Catholic Church  Too much power to Pope  Catholics not following teachings of the church  Spread to other areas of Europe oPrinting Press (very important)  Allowed people to read scripture/interpret themselves  (Protestant- the ones that reformed)

Martin LutherPrinting Press

 Many Struggles oTwo points of view  Catholics thought: defying the authority of the Pope  Protestant thought: reforming the church  1500’s were a time of constant warfare between Catholics and Protestants  French Protestants known as Huguenots  English Protestants were members of the Anglican church (headed by the King of England Henry VIII), a blend of Protestant and Catholic religions

Conflict between Spain and England  Spain was the biggest defender of Catholicism oKing Phillip II fought against the Protestant Reformation (headed the Catholic (or Counter Reformation) oEngland headed by Elizabeth I (daughter of Henry VIII)  First women ruler of England  Promoted peace between the Protestants and Catholics oSea Dogs  Queen Elizabeth promoted the raiding of Spanish ships carrying gold and wealth (to hurt Spain's economy)  Sir Francis Drake most famous (first Englishman to circumnavigate the world and penetrating the Strait of Magellan)

Henry VIII Elizabeth I

Sir Francis Drake

Spanish Armada  Invasion fleet to counter the Sea Dogs o130 ships/30,000 sailors and soldiers oGoal: to invade England, overthrow the Queen Elizabeth and the Anglican Church  Problems with the Armada oCommander (a cousin of Philip II) not qualified oSpanish port of Cadiz raided by Sir Francis Drake, this delayed the Armada oEnglish ships were smaller and faster, more maneuverable

Spanish Armada cont.  Battle on the Sea oJuly 1588, Spanish and English fleets meet near England’s coast oEnglish had a surprise…loaded ships with explosives, sailed into center of Armada at night, exploded them causing the Spanish ships to scatter. oSpanish ships defeated the next day. Of those that remained, many were destroyed by a storm before they could return to Spain (Divine Wind)

Spanish Armada

Decline of the Spanish Empire  Defeat of the Armada was a shock to the world as Spain was experiencing a “Golden Age” of wealth and growth oControlled territory on Europe and the Americas oArmy was one of the strongest in Europe oLeader of religious art in Europe (El Greco) oMiguel de Cervantes Don Quixote (famous author)  Golden Age ended because of oInflation/buying of foreign goods oDefeat of the Armada allowed England, France and the Netherlands to become world powers/challengers