children,< 18

Dropout rates

Dropouts by Generation --Latino DROPOUTS, 2000: --Born outside US = 994,000 [26%] --1 st Generation = 240,000 [4.4%] --2 nd generation Plus = 211,000 [3.9%] Source: US Department of Education, http//nces.ed.gov/pubs2001/dropout/tables/table3.asp

HS Profile of Latinos, ’02/’03 --”Hispanic youths are much more likely that white or black youths to attend public schools that are large, that have a high student-to-teacher ratio, and have a substantial proportion of students that come from relatively poor families.” Source: “The High Schools Hispanics Attend: Size and Other key Characteristics”, The Pew Hispanic Center, November 1, ‘05

Nat’l HS, Characteristics

Latinos: Large Public HSs --10% of all US high schools have 1,838 students or more --More than 56% of Hispanics attend these large high schools --32% for blacks --26% for whites Source: “The High Schools Hispanics Attend: Size and Other key Characteristics”, The Pew Hispanic Center, November 1, ‘05

Distribution, HS, Size

Distribution, Blacks/Latinos

Dist., % Minorities

Latinos: Central City --Among students in central city HSs, Hispanic students are twice as likely as black students to be at a HS with more than 1,838 Source: “The High Schools Hispanics Attend: Size and Other key Characteristics”, The Pew Hispanic Center, November 1, ‘05

Latinos: School Lunch --25% of all US high schools have more than 45% of their students eligible for free or reduced-price lunches of these schools have 1,838 students or more --Almost 25% of Hispanics attend these 300 schools --8% of blacks, 1% of whites Source: “The High Schools Hispanics Attend: Size and Other key Characteristics”, The Pew Hispanic Center, November 1, ‘05

Distribution, HS, school lunch

Dist., HS/Large School Lunch

Latinos: Disadvantaged --In states with large Hispanic HS enrollments, Hispanics are more likely than either whites or blacks to attend large and relatively more disadvantaged HSs. In CA, 40% of Hispanics attend large, relatively disadvantaged HSs, in comparison to 8% of whites and 30% of blacks. Source: “The High Schools Hispanics Attend: Size and Other key Characteristics”, The Pew Hispanic Center, November 1, ‘05

Distribution, HS, Stud/Teach

Latinos: Student/Teacher Ratio --Nearly 37% of Hispanics are educated at public HSs with a student/teacher ratio greater than 22:1 --14% of blacks, 13% of whites --The average student/teacher ratio is 16:1 and only 10% of all public HSs have more than 22 per teacher. Source: “The High Schools Hispanics Attend: Size and Other key Characteristics”, The Pew Hispanic Center, November 1, ‘05

Enrollment, states

Latinos: Seven States --HSs in 7-states educate 80% of Hispanic youth. These 7 states have relatively large HSs, compared to the US average. Source: “The High Schools Hispanics Attend: Size and Other key Characteristics”, The Pew Hispanic Center, November 1, ‘05

Latinos: Seven States --”Public HSs in these 7-states educate almost 80% of the nation’s 2-million Hispanic public HS students; HSs in Ca & TX alone educate 55% of them.” Source: “The High Schools Hispanics Attend: Size and Other key Characteristics”, The Pew Hispanic Center, November 1, ‘05

Latinos: Seven Staes --Their public HSs are considerably more likely to be in the central city than is the case for HSs in the other 43 states and DC. Source: “The High Schools Hispanics Attend: Size and Other key Characteristics”, The Pew Hispanic Center, November 1, ‘05

Latinos: Differences --”The differing geographic concentration of Latino youths across states is, however, only part of the explanation of the national differences in HS characteristics between Latinos and white youth.” Source: “The High Schools Hispanics Attend: Size and Other key Characteristics”, The Pew Hispanic Center, November 1, ‘05

Latinos: Black Concentration --”The nation’s African-American students are highly concentrated in a quarter of America’s HSs. Almost 85% of black students attend 4,450 HS that have more than 14% black enrollment.” Source: “The High Schools Hispanics Attend: Size and Other key Characteristics”, The Pew Hispanic Center, November 1, ‘05

Latinos: Black Concentration --”Fewer than 30% of Hispanic students attend these [quarter] HSs with above average black enrollment & fewer than 20% of white students attend these HSs.” Source: “The High Schools Hispanics Attend: Size and Other key Characteristics”, The Pew Hispanic Center, November 1, ‘05

Lower Student Achievement, 1.) Schools w/Large Enrollments 2.) High teacher-to-student ratio 3.) Low socioeconomic status Source: “The High Schools Hispanics Attend: Size and Other key Characteristics”, The Pew Hispanic Center, November 1, ‘05

Prior focus: Achievement Gap --”Much of the research on the achievement gap between Hispanics and whites has focused on the characteristics of students--factors such as family income, nativity, and parents level of education and ability to speak English.” Source: “The High Schools Hispanics Attend: Size and Other key Characteristics”, The Pew Hispanic Center, November 1, ‘05

Prior focus: Achievement Gap --”…research suggests that larger HSs are less likely to retain students. …HSs enrolling fewer than 1,500 students more often stay in school. `…results demonstrate that school size is quite important and that students in medium-sized schools are least likely to dropout’.” Source: “The High Schools Hispanics Attend: Size and Other key Characteristics”, The Pew Hispanic Center, November 1, ‘05

Prior focus: Achievement Gap --”…test score gains in mathematics and reading…find that the ideal size for a HS in terms of student learning is between 600 and 900. …HSs with fewer than 600 students learn less; students in large HSs (especially over 2,100) learn considerably less.” Source: “The High Schools Hispanics Attend: Size and Other key Characteristics”, The Pew Hispanic Center, November 1, ‘05

Solving the Learning Gap --”…educators and educational policymakers have vastly more influence over the characteristics of their schools than the characteristics of their students.” Source: “The High Schools Hispanics Attend: Size and Other key Characteristics”, The Pew Hispanic Center, November 1, ’05

Degrees earned

Degrees per Population --In total US, One BS Degree Was Earned for Each 223 People. --Conversely, a Latino Earned a BS Degrees for Every 440 Latinos in the US. --In total US, One Ph.D. Was Earned for Every 6,141 Persons. --Conversely, One Ph.D. Was Earned by a Latino for Every 25,562 Latinos in the US.

Earnings by Degree

Loss of Potential Earnings Latino HS-dropout yearly earnings = $20,459 Latino College graduate yearly earnings = $41,244 Difference per year = $20,785 Work 35-yrs, then difference is $727,475 In 2000, there were 1,445,000 Latino--age 16 to 24- yrs. old--that were HS had dropouts. Therefore, the earnings differential between Latino HS dropouts and college grads in 2000 over a 35- yrs. Earnings horizon is $1,051.2 Billion