Who do you believe? Comparing Perspectives about Bear River Chapter 9: Settlements, Transportation, and Mining

Bell Activity  Your words are “ruthless” & “skirmish”  Find the words on your blue study guide and complete the following information for the word.  Find the definition using a glossary.  Use your own knowledge and experience to complete the rest of the definition.  Where should your backpack be? No gum in class. Throw it in the garbage before class begins!

Word: ruthless My Understanding: Definition:Draw a picture of it: Sentence: Synonym/ Example: Antonym/Non- Example: Does your work look something like this?

Word: ruthless My Understanding: Definition: without pity or compassion; Draw a picture of it: cruel Sentence: Synonym/ Example: cruel, brutal, merciless Antonym/Non- Example: pity, compassion, kind Does your work look something like this?

Word: skirmish My Understanding: Definition:Draw a picture of it: Sentence: Synonym/ Example: Antonym/Non- Example: Does your work look something like this?

Word: skirmish My Understanding: Definition: a brisk conflict or Draw a picture of it: encounter Sentence: The Synonym/ Example: brief fight, short battle Antonym/Non- Example: negotiation, peace Does your work look something like this?

Bell Activity  Your words are “brutality” & “reservation”  Find the word on your blue study guide and complete the following information for the word.  Find the definition using a glossary.  Use your own knowledge and experience to complete the rest of the definition.  Where should your backpack be? No gum in class. Throw it in the garbage before class begins!

Word: brutality My Understanding: Definition:Draw a picture of it: Sentence: Synonym/ Example: Antonym/Non- Example: Does your work look something like this?

Word: brutality My Understanding: Definition:Draw a picture of it: Sentence: In war there is often a lot of brutality. Synonym/ Example: cruelty, viciousness Antonym/Non- Example: kindness, gentleness Does your work look something like this?

Word: reservation My Understanding: Definition:Draw a picture of it: Sentence: After losing their homelands, many Native American tribes were forced to move to reservation. Synonym/ Example: Navajo Reservation Antonym/Non- Example: homeland unrestricted Does your work look something like this?

Bell Activity  Take out your map and notes.  Work on your map for the first 5 minutes of class. (Due Friday!)  If you are finished with the map, work on your study guide.  Where should your backpack be? No gum in class. Throw it in the garbage before class begins!

Today we will learn…  History Objective – We will compare and contrast primary sources about the Battle of Bear River/ Bear River Massacre to learn about this event.  Behavior Objective – Courtesy & Respect: We will discuss our ideas and listen to others respectfully.  Language Objective - We will read the sources and discuss them with a small group, then compare the source with another perspective of the event.

Imagine this Scenario  You come upon two students fighting in the hallway. They are surrounded by a circle of classmates; some encouraging the combatants, the others looking afraid.  A teacher appears on the scene and breaks up the fight. How should the teacher determine what happened?  What if the teacher only listens to one of the student’s story, not the other’s? Is that fair and reasonable?  Later, a principal has to determine the combatants’ fate. How does the principal, who didn’t even see the fight, figure out what to do with them?  What if several days later another student comes forward with evidence that one of the students wasn’t truthful? What should happen then?

Reading Like a Historian  If figuring out what happened in a fight that just happened is difficult, what would it be like to figure out what happened in a fight 150+ years ago?

Reading Like a Historian  How can we figure out what happened in the past?  Think-pair-shair!

Figuring out the Past: Historical Thinking  These two images show the Battle of Lexington, which is considered by many to have started the American Revolutionary war.  Let’s watch a clip to see how Disney portrayed this event. clip  Is this movie accurate? How can we find out?

Figuring out the Past: Historical Thinking  To figure out what happened in any situation, we need to ask a lot of questions about the event and the people involved.  Let’s look at how a history looks at the past and why historical thinking matters! history looks at the past history looks at the past

Reading Like a Historian  The event that happened at Bear River has been largely ignored by history…until now.  Let’s examine the facts and figure out what happened.

Background Facts  In the last chapter we learned that there was conflict between the settlers and the Native Americans in the Salt Lake area.  As more settlements spread into northern Utah, what do you think will happen?

Where did it happen?  The Bear River Massacre/Battle took place just north of Preston here in Cache Valley.

People to Know Patrick Connor Chief Sagwitch

This is what the area looks like now.

The First Document:  Before we read the document, we need to learn more about the source. This is called Sourcing.  Then we imagine the setting of the event – Historians call this Contextualizing.  Next, we need to read the document carefully, taking note of important information. This is called Close Reading.  Finally, we need to figure out if this document is backed up by other information. This is called Corroboration.

Step 1:  Let’s examine the document. Open your folders to the first document.  I will do the first doc, but follow along and answer the questions on your paper as we find them.

Step 2:  Now let’s think about when/how this document took place.

Step 3:  Now let’s read the document carefully, taking note of important information.

Instructions  Now you will go through each of these steps with your group, then report back to the class about what your learned.  Fill out your assignment as you go through the second document in the folder.

Compare and Contrast  When you compare the two documents, what events do they agree happened?  What do they disagree about?  So which version is the right one?  How can we figure out which one is more accurate?

Step 4:  Now we need to figure out how accurate and biased/unbiased this document is.

Bear River, a continuing story  This monument was erected at the site of the Bear River event.  Each side tells a slightly different version of the story.

The First Marker…  This monument was erected in 1932 by the Franklin County Chapter of Daughters of the Utah Pioneers and other local associations.  Whose side does this part of the monument take?

Another marker…  This was later added to another side of the monument.  How is it similar to the first plaque?  How is it different than the earlier one?

Changing Ideas…  This monument has a different tone than the first monument.  When do you think it was built?

Colonel Connor’s Account Gets Competition  For many years the only side of the Bear River story that people accepted was Colonel Connor’s and those that supported his version of events.  In the last thirty years, the Shoshone’s side of the story has begun to be recognized.

An addition to the original monument…  This sign was added to the original marker site.  How is different than the others?  Which perspective does it take of the incident?

A new monument for a new century.  The Shoshone perspective of Bear River has gained acceptance among scholars due to corroboration with other sources and evidence.

A new monument for a new century.  The tribe has begun to regain land at the sight of the massacre, they have created a new monument to give their side of what happened.

A more complete story?

A Continuing Search for “What Really Happened”…  As historians continue to find more primary sources about the Bear River Massacre, history continues to adapt to these new perspectives.  History, itself, has history! And it can change over time!

A Continuing Search for “What Really Happened”…  There is still so much we could discover, evaluate, re-evaluate, and learn about Bear River and other events in the past.  When you find an event that interests you, dig into the documents to become an expert on the past!

Bell Activity  Your word is “plagued”  Find the word on your blue study guide and complete the following information for the word.  Find the definition using a glossary.  Use your own knowledge and experience to complete the rest of the definition.  Where should your backpack be? No gum in class. Throw it in the garbage before class begins!

Bear River Response to Scenario (3 lines) Answers to orange paper questions. Bear River, a continuing story (back of paper at the end) Response Question