S ystolic H eart failure treatment with the If inhibitor ivabradine T rial Michel Komajda and Karl Swedberg on behalf of the Investigators

Disclosures SHIFT Executive Committee members received fees, research grants, or both from Servier, as well as fees for speaking or consulting from other major cardiovascular pharmaceutical companies

Background  Elevated heart rate is associated with poor outcome in a number of cardiovascular conditions including heart failure  Heart rate remains elevated in many heart failure patients despite treatment by beta-blockers  Ivabradine is a novel heart rate-lowering agent acting by inhibiting the I f current in the sino-atrial node  We hypothesized that the addition of ivabradine to recommended therapy would be beneficial in heart failure patients with elevated heart rate

Fosbol et al. Int J Cardiol, 2010;140: DIAMOND study; 1518 patients with HF post MI, 10 years follow up P< Years > 91 bpm bpm bpm bpm Resting heart rate and mortality in HF post MI patients Mortality

Ivabradine: pure heart rate reduction I f inhibition reduces the diastolic depolarization slope, thereby lowering heart rate RR Pure heart rate reduction 0 mV -40 mV -70 mV closed open closed Ivabradine Thollon et al. Br J Pharmacol. 1994;112:37-42.

Primary objective To evaluate whether the I f inhibitor ivabradine improves cardiovascular outcomes in patients with 1. Moderate to severe chronic heart failure 1. Moderate to severe chronic heart failure 2. Left ventricular ejection fraction  35% 2. Left ventricular ejection fraction  35% 3. Heart rate 70 bpm and 3. Heart rate  70 bpm and 4. Recommended therapy 4. Recommended therapy

Europe GermanyPortugal BelgiumGreeceSpain DenmarkIrelandSweden Finland Italy Turkey France The Netherlands UK Bulgaria Czech Republic Estonia Hungary South America Argentina Brazil Chili North America Canada Asia China Hong Kong India South Korea Malaysia Australia Latvia Lithuania Norway Poland Romania Russia Slovakia Slovenia Ukraine Multinational study 6505 patients, 37 countries, 677 centres

  18 years  Class II to IV NYHA heart failure  Ischaemic/non-ischaemic aetiology   LV systolic dysfunction (EF  35%)  Heart rate  70 bpm  Sinus rhythm  Documented hospital admission for worsening heart failure  12 months Inclusion criteria Swedberg K, et al. Eur J Heart Fail. 2010;12:75-81.

Study design HR and tolerability Ivabradine 5 mg bid Matching placebo, bid Every 4 months D0 D14 D28 M4 Ivabradine 7.5/5/2.5 mg bid according to Swedberg K, et al. Eur J Heart Fail. 2010;12: years Screening 7 to 30 days

Study endpoints  Cardiovascular death  Hospitalisation for worsening heart failure Primary composite endpoint Other endpoints  All-cause / CV / HF death  All-cause / CV / HF hospitalisation  Composite of CV death, hospitalisation for HF or non-fatal MI  NYHA class / Patient & Physician Global Assessment Swedberg K, et al. Eur J Heart Fail. 2010;12: In total population and in patients with at least 50% target dose of beta-blockers

Patients and follow-up Median study duration: 22.9 months; maximum: 41.7 months 6558 randomized 3268 to ivabradine3290 to placebo 3264 analysed 1 lost to follow-up 3241 analysed 2 lost to follow-up 7411 screened Excluded: 27 Excluded: 27 Excluded: 26 Excluded: 26 Swedberg K, et al. Lancet. 2010;online August 29.

Baseline characteristicsIvabradine3241Placebo3264 Mean age, y Mean age, y Male, % Male, %7677 Ischaemic aetiology, % Ischaemic aetiology, %6867 NYHA II, % NYHA II, %4949 NYHA III/IV, % NYHA III/IV, %5151 Previous MI, % Previous MI, %5656 Diabetes, % Diabetes, %3031 Hypertension, % Hypertension, %6766 Swedberg K, et al. Lancet. 2010;online August 29.

Baseline characteristicsIvabradine3241Placebo3264 Mean heart rate, bpm Mean heart rate, bpm8080 Mean LVEF, % Mean LVEF, %2929 Mean SBP, mm Hg Mean SBP, mm Hg Mean DBP, mm Hg Mean DBP, mm Hg7676 eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m Swedberg K, et al. Lancet. 2010;online August 29.

Chronic HF background treatment Beta-blockersACEIs and/or ARBs DiureticsAldosterone antagonists DigitalisICD/CRT Ivabradine Placebo Patients (%) Swedberg K, et al. Lancet. 2010;online August 29.

Background beta-blocker treatment BB at randomization At least 50% target daily dose Target daily dose Patients (%) Ivabradine Placebo Swedberg K, et al. Lancet. 2010;online August 29.

Main reasons for not achieving Beta-blocker target dose, % Ivabradinen=2099Placebon=2126 Hypotension Hypotension4445 Fatigue Fatigue3232 Dyspnea Dyspnea1414 Dizziness Dizziness1312 Bradycardia Bradycardia66 Main reasons for not prescribing beta-blocker, % Ivabradinen=344Placebon=341 COPD COPD3732 Hypotension Hypotension1720 Asthma Asthma1011 Cardiac decomp. Cardiac decomp.79 Fatigue Fatigue56 Background beta-blocker treatment Swedberg K, et al. Lancet. 2010;online August 29.

Mean heart rate reduction 70% of patients on ivabradine 7.5 mg bid 02 weeks Months Heart rate (bpm) Placebo Ivabradine Swedberg K, et al. Lancet. 2010;online August 29.

Months Primary composite endpoint (CV death or hospital admission for worsening HF) - 18% Cumulative frequency (%) Placebo Ivabradine HR (95% CI), 0.82 (0.75–0.90), p< Swedberg K, et al. Lancet. 2010;online August 29.

Months Hospitalization for HF - 26% Cumulative frequency (%) Placebo Ivabradine HR (95% CI), 0.74 (0.66–0.83), p< Swedberg K, et al. Lancet. 2010;online August 29.

Months Cardiovascular death Cumulative frequency (%) Placebo Ivabradine HR (95% CI), 0.91 (0.80–1.03), p=0.128 Swedberg K, et al. Lancet. 2010;online August 29.

Death from heart failure - 26% Months HR (95% CI), 0.74 (0.58–0.94), p=0.014 Cumulative frequency (%) Placebo Ivabradine Swedberg K, et al. Lancet. 2010;online August 29.

Effect of ivabradine on outcomes Endpoints Hazard ratio 95% CI p value Primary composite endpoint0.82[0.75;0.90] p< All-cause death0.90[0.80;1.02] p=0.092 Death from heart failure0.74[0.58;0.94] p=0.014 Hospitalisation for any cause0.89[0.82;0.96] p=0.003 Hospitalisation for cardiovascular reason0.85[0.78;0.92] p= Cardiovascular death / hosp. for HF or non-fatal MI0.82[0.74;0.89] p< Swedberg K, et al. Lancet. 2010;online August 29.

Age <65 years ≥65 years Sex Male Female Beta-blockers No Yes Aetiology of heart failure Non-ischaemic Ischaemic NYHA class NYHA class II NYHA class III or IV Diabetes No Yes Hypertension No Yes Baseline heart rate <77 bpm ≥77 bpm Test for interaction p= Hazard ratio Favours ivabradineFavours placebo Effect of ivabradine in prespecified subgroups Swedberg K, et al. Lancet. 2010;online August 29.

NYHA class changes ImprovementStabilityWorsening p= Patients (%) Ivabradine Placebo Swedberg K, et al. Lancet. 2010;online August 29.

Patient Global Assessment Worsening Stability Improvement Patients (%) p< 0.05 last post randomisation value Ivabradine Placebo Swedberg K, et al. Lancet. 2010;online August 29.

Physician Global Assessment p= Worsening Stability Improvement Patients (%) Ivabradine Placebo Swedberg K, et al. Lancet. 2010;online August 29. last post randomisation value

Mean heart rate reduction Patients with >50 % beta-blocker dose (n= 3181) Baseline D14D28 M04 M08M12M16M20M24 M28M32M36 Mean HR in sinus rhythm (bpm) Patients receiving at least half the target dose of beta-blockers Placebo Ivabradine Swedberg K, et al. Lancet. 2010;online August 29.

Hazard ratio Favours ivabradineFavours placebo IvabradineHazard ratio Primary composite endpoint 330 (11.9 PY) (13.3 PY) Cardiovascular death 176 (5.9 PY) (5.9 PY) Hospital admission for worsening HF 213 (7.7 PY) (9.6 PY) Placebo Patients with at least 50% BB target dose (n=3181) p value ns ns p=0.021 Swedberg K, et al. Lancet. 2010;online August 29.

Incidence of selected adverse events (N = 6492) Patients with an event Ivabradine N=3232, % N=3232, % (n)Placebo N=3260, % N=3260, % (n) p value All serious adverse events 45% 45% ( 1450 ) 48% 48% (1553)0.025 All adverse events 75% 75% (2439) 74% 74% (2423)0.303 Heart failure 25% 25% (804) 29% 29% (937) Symptomatic bradycardia 5% 5% (150) 1% 1% (32)< Asymptomatic bradycardia 6% 6% (184) 1% 1% (48)< Atrial fibrillation 9% 9% (306) 8% 8% (251)0.012 Phosphenes 3% 3% (89) 1% 1% (17)< Blurred vision 1% 1% (17) < 1% < 1% (7)0.042 Swedberg K, et al. Lancet. 2010;online August 29.

Incidence of serious adverse events Patients with an event Ivabradine N=3232, % (n) Placebo N=3260, % (n) p value All serious adverse events Cardiac disorders General disorders, administration conditions Infection and infestations Respiratory, thoracic, mediastinal disorders Surgical and medical procedures Gastrointestinal disorders Neoplasm benign, malignant and unspecified Renal and urinary disorders Hepatobiliary disorders Eyes disorders 45% (1450) 28% (920) 7% (240) 7% (216) 3% (107) 3% (102) 3% (89) 2% (68) 2% (51) 1% (29) 1% (18) 49% (1553) 30% (991) 8% (254) 7% (236) 4% (122) 3% (103) 2% (61) 1% (47) 1% (39) <1% (13) Swedberg K, et al. Lancet. 2010;online August 29.

Patients with an adverse event, leading to withdrawal Ivabradine N=3232, % N=3232, % (n)Placebo N=3260, % N=3260, % (n) p value All adverse events 14% 14% (467) 13% 13% (416)0.051 Heart failure 2% 2% (70) 3% 3% (82)0.367 Symptomatic bradycardia 1% 1% (20) <1% <1% (5)0.002 Asymptomatic bradycardia 1% 1% (28) <1% <1% (5)< Atrial fibrillation 4% 4% (135) 3% 3% (113)0.137 Phosphenes <1% <1% (7) <1% <1% (3)0.224 Blurred vision <1% <1% (1) Treatment discontinuation Swedberg K, et al. Lancet. 2010;online August 29.

Conclusion with systolic dysfunction  Heart failure with systolic dysfunction and elevated heart rate is associated with poor outcomes (primary composite endpoint in the placebo group is 18%/year)  Ivabradine reduced cardiovascular mortality or heart failure hospitalisation by 18% (p<0.0001). The absolute risk reduction was 4.2%  This beneficial effect was mainly driven by a favourable effect on HF death (26%) and hospitalisation for HF (26%)  Overall, treatment with ivabradine was safe and well tolerated

Clinical implications  The addition of ivabradine to recommended therapy significantly reduces death and hospitalisations related to heart failure in patients with heart rate  70 bpm  The NNT for 1 year to prevent … One primary endpoint is 26 One hospitalisation for heart failure is 27

Available now online from Lancet published online August 29, 2010 DOI: /S (10)