Making the Connections

Making the Connection

Objective: To demonstrate the interdependence between the various human systems

Research Problem: How does muscle activity affect heart rate?

How does Increasing muscle activity affect the following systems Muscle Activity Respiratory System Circulatory System Excretory system Digestive system

Making the Connections

Taking your pulse

Pulse rate /minute < >90 # of students (resting) # of students (After Exercisi ng) Class Results

Making the Connection

Normal Blood Vessels Capillaries

Clogged Arteries Capillaries

The Three Blood Vessels Blood vessels takes blood back to the heart. Less pressure Veins have a valves to keep blood from flowing back away from the heart. Blood moving away from the heart to organs. thicker walled to handle to handle higher pressures Small thin walled blood vessels for oxygen and nutrients to diffusion into body cells. Surround intestines for nutrient absorption and all organs an tissues for the diffusion of nutrients. ArteriesVeins Capillaries

The Heart:

Blood Vessels Blood vessels - System of tubes which blood travels through. If you took all of the blood vessels out of an average child, and laid them out in one line, the line would be over 60,000 miles long! An adult's vessels would be closer to 100,000 miles long!

The Three Blood Vessels Blood vessels takes blood back to the heart. Less pressure Veins have a valves to keep blood from flowing back away from the heart. Blood moving away from the heart to organs. thicker walled to handle to handle higher pressures Smaller, thin walled blood vessels for oxygen and nutrients to diffusion into body cells. Surround intestines for nutrient absorption and all organs an tissues for the diffusion of nutrients. ArteriesVeins Capillaries

Adults bpm Youth bpm Who’s heart beats more?

The S-A node AKA: The pacemaker initiates the contractions of the right Atrium. The A-V node then sets the basic rhythm of the heart, the rate and strength of its beating can be modified by the medulla oblongata of the brain. Control of the Heart The vagus nerve slows down the pace maker. The Cardio-accelerator speeds it up…

Blood Pressure Sphygmomanometer: instrument used to measure blood pressure, 120/80 mm Hg avg male sphygmo = the pulse; mano = rare, thin, roomy meter = to measure manometer = an instrument to measure pressure exerted by a liquid)

Making the Connection to Muscle Fatigue

Adaptations for Respiration

TO RESPIRE: inhaling and exhaling… Inhalation = O 2 (oxygen) enters the body system Exhalation =CO 2 (carbon dioxide) is passed out of the body

Your Respiratory System Nose (nasal cavity) Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi Bronchioles alveoli pleura diaphragm

Aerobic Respiration Requires oxygen Takes place in the mitochondria When we say that glucose is oxidized, we say that it is broken down with the help of oxygen molecules

Aerobic Respiration Glucose 2 Pyruvic acid 2 ATP +4 ATP + O2O2 Water + CO ATP ***Net Gain = 36 ATPs***

Aerobic Respiration ***Net Gain = 36 ATPs*** **most efficient ** 2 phases, anaerobic and an aerobic phase Carried out by humans, plants, protists, and a whole lot more.

Muscle Fatigue

Lactic Acid Fermentation Glucose 2 pyruvic acid 2 ATP Lactic Acid 4 ATP “Lactic Acid Fermentation

Lactic Acid Fermentation ****Net gain: 2 ATP **Not very efficient*** **Carried out by Bacteria and HUMAN MUSCLE CELLS (muscle fatigue) **Ever heard, ”NO PAIN NO GAIN?” **Major economic importance to the dairy industry, production of yogurt, sour cream, buttermilk.