Alan Brinkley, American History 14/e Chapter 1: The Collision of Cultures

Highlights America before Columbus America before Columbus Europe Looks Westward Europe Looks Westward The Arrival of the English The Arrival of the English © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 2

America before Columbus The Peoples of the Precontact Americas The Peoples of the Precontact Americas –The “Clovis” People –Archaeologists and Population Diversity –The “Archaic” Period © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 3

4 North American Migrations America before Columbus

5 © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. How the Early North Americans Lived America before Columbus

The Mayan pyramid of Kukulkan (Royalty-Free/CORBIS) 6 © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. America before Columbus The Growth of Civilizations: The South The Growth of Civilizations: The South  Incas  Mayas  Mexica

Iroquois women (Library of Congress) Iroquois women (Library of Congress) 7 © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. America before Columbus The Civilizations of the North The Civilizations of the North –Complex and Varied Civilizations  Hunting, gathering, fishing  Cahokia –Mobile Societies Tribal Cultures Tribal Cultures –Agricultural Revolution  Gender roles

Europe Looks Westward Commerce and Nationalism Commerce and Nationalism –A Reawakening of Commerce –Centralized Nation-States –Prince Henry the Navigator © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 8

Marco Polo leaves for the Far East (Bibliothèque Nationale de France) 9 © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Europe Looks Westward

Christopher Columbus (Library of Congress) Europe Looks Westward Christopher Columbus Christopher Columbus –Columbus’s First Voyage –Religious Motives for Exploration –Ferdinand Magellan © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 10

European Exploration and Conquest, © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Europe Looks Westward

The Conquistadores The Conquistadores –Cortés Conquers the Aztecs –Brutality and Greed Spanish America Spanish America –Ordinances of Discovery –Catholic Missions © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 12

Spanish America 13 © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Europe Looks Westward

Pueblo Ruins in New Mexico (CORBIS/Royalty-Free) 14 © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Europe Looks Westward Northern Outposts Northern Outposts –St. Augustine (1565) –Santa Fe (1609) –Pueblo Revolt of 1680 –Assimilation and accommodation

Mexico, California, and Florida, 1600 (Royalty-Free/CORBIS) 15 © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Europe Looks Westward

De Soto in North America (Rare Books Division, Library of Congress) 16 © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Europe Looks Westward

17 © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Europe Looks Westward The Empire at High Tide The Empire at High Tide –Spain’s Vast Empire –Rigid Royal Control –A Collision of Cultures

18 © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Europe Looks Westward Biological and Cultural Exchanges Biological and Cultural Exchanges –Increasing Levels of Exchange –Demographic Catastrophe –Deliberate Subjugation and Extermination –New Crops and Agricultural Techniques –A Complex Racial Hierarchy –Varied Labor Systems

1633 map of Atlantic (Royalty-Free/CORBIS) 19 © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Europe Looks Westward Africa and America Africa and America –Ghana and Mali –Benin, Congo and Songhay –Matrilineal Societies –Growth of the African Slave Trade

Europe and West Africa in the Fifteenth Century 20 © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Europe Looks Westward

21 © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. The Arrival of the English –John Cabot The Commercial Incentive The Commercial Incentive –The Enclosure Movement –Chartered Companies –Mercantilism –Richard Hakluyt’s Argument for Colonies

John Calvin (Portrait Gallery) 22 © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. The Arrival of the English The Religious Incentive The Religious Incentive –Doctrine of Predestination –The English Reformation –Puritan Separatists –Puritan Discontent

23 © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. The Arrival of the English The English in Ireland The English in Ireland –Subjugation of Ireland –The Plantation Model The French and the Dutch in America The French and the Dutch in America –Coureurs de Bois –Henry Hudson –New Amsterdam

24 © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. The Arrival of the English The First English Settlements The First English Settlements –The Spanish Armada –Gilbert’s Expedition to Newfoundland Roanoke Roanoke –The First Roanoke Colony –New Colonial Charters