1 American Ideals Freedom Equality Bellringer #5: August 19 th, 2015 Question: What ideals form the basis of the U.S. government and the American way of life?

2 Section 2: Who Are U.S. Citizens? The Main Idea Throughout history, immigrants have brought their languages, ideas, beliefs, hopes, and customs to the United States. Their ways of life are constantly mixing with and influencing the culture of Americans who came before. Reading Focus   Who are “Americans,” and from where did they come?   What changes have occurred in U.S. immigration policy since the early 1800s?   How does a person become a U.S. citizen?

3 Americans Are From Everywhere  “Melting Pot”  Immigrants, people who came here from other countries, entered the nation (the pot) and adopted American customs and blended into American society  “Salad Bowl”  Immigrants entered the nation and did NOT adopted American customs or blended into American society  Think of a salad Section 2: Who Are U.S. Citizens?

4 Americans Are From Everywhere  Which image do you think is (more) accurate?  The Melting Pot or The Salad Bowl?  Discuss with your partners

5 North America’s earliest inhabitants:  People from Siberia settled in North America 12,000 – 40,000 years ago.  A.D. 1000—Vikings arrived but did not settle in North America. Section 2: Who Are U.S. Citizens?

6 North America’s earliest inhabitants: (Con’t)  1492—Christopher Columbus claimed land for Spain.  Spanish, French, British, Dutch, Swedish, and Africans (slaves) settled in America. Section 2: Who Are U.S. Citizens?

7 Changes in U.S. immigration policy:  1880s—restrictions placed on immigration in response to wage issues  Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882  1920s—Limits on yearly immigration; quotas set for particular countries  What is happening during this time in America? Section 2: Who Are U.S. Citizens?

8 Changes in U.S. immigration policy:  Immigration Act of 1990—cap set at 675,000 immigrants per year  Law also give preferences to three groups of people  Husbands, wives, and children of US citizens  People who have valuable job skills  Aliens- permanent residents of the United States  Refugees are not subject to the immigration cap. Section 2: Who Are U.S. Citizens?

9 Becoming a U.S. Citizen  Citizen by Birth- Native Born  Citizen by Naturalization  Legal process through which immigrants become U.S. Citizens Section 2: Who Are U.S. Citizens?

10 Becoming a U.S. Citizen  Legal Alien  Citizens of another country who are in the US to work or attend school and MUST always carry proper documentation with them – Green Card  Illegal Immigrants  Citizens of another country who are in the US WITHOUT proper documentation  Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986  Legalized undocumented residents who met certain requirements in an attempt to reduce the flow of illegal immigration Section 2: Who Are U.S. Citizens?

11 How U.S. citizenship benefits people:  Freedom is protected by laws.  Citizens are eligible for government services. Section 2: Who Are U.S. Citizens?