+ Unit 5: Heredity and Genetics

+ Essential Questions How do cells grow and divide? How is genetic material passed from parent to offspring? What are the patterns of inheritance and how can this be used to predict traits in offspring? What are the different variations in traits? How are these variations inherited? What happens when something goes wrong with regards to genetic traits? How can the rate of genetic traits inherited be calculated? What is DNA and what role does it have in our body? What are some current trends in DNA research?

+ Day 1: Cell Division Required Readings: 3.19 Learning Objectives: To understand why it is necessary to copy genetic material accurately To know that copying division is called mitosis, and results in cells with an identical number and type of chromosomes as their parent cells To know how chromosomes behave during mitosis To know where mitosis takes place in the bodies of mammals and flowering plants To understand the need for a special cell division in the formation of haploid gametes

+ Starter Create a KWL table for genetics and heredity Know Want to know Learned Fill in the “K” and “W” columns You will fill in the “L” column at the end of each lesson, and can write any more questions that you may have from the current lesson Time: 15 minutes

+ Activity 1 Watch the video on mitosis Write down questions you have while you are watching it Time: 25 minutes

+ Activity 2 Create a model using the pipe cleaners and yarn to show what happens in the cell cycle Include the image as well as a written description for the following phases: Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis Time: 40 minutes

+ Interphase - Cell growth - Synthesis of DNA - Replication of organelles - Prepares for mitosis - Cell spends most of its time in interphase

+ Prophase - Chromosomes condense into 2 identical chromatids, joined at the centromere - Nuclear envelope begins to break down - Spindles form at the centrioles - Centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell

+ Metaphase - Spindles attach to the centromere of the chromosomes - Chromosomes line up at the middle of the cell

+ Anaphase - Individual chromosomes are pulled apart and taken to opposite ends of the cell

+ Telophase - Nuclear envelope begins to form around chromosomes at opposite ends of the cell - Cell elongates and prepares for cytokinesis

+ Cytokinesis - Cell pinches off in the middle to form 2 new identical daughter cells - Literally means “splitting cytoplasm”

+ Closing Activity and Homework Complete the “L” column of your KWL table, as well as any other questions you may have in the “W” column Next lesson we will look at meiosis and comparing mitosis with meiosis. Be sure to read over section 3.19 again

+ Day 2: Cell Division (60 minutes) Required Readings: 3.19 Learning Objectives: To understand why it is necessary to copy genetic material accurately To know that copying division is called mitosis, and results in cells with an identical number and type of chromosomes as their parent cells To know how chromosomes behave during mitosis To know where mitosis takes place in the bodies of mammals and flowering plants To understand the need for a special cell division in the formation of haploid gametes

+ Starter What are the stages in mitosis and what happens in each stage? When/why does mitosis occur? What is the purpose of meiosis? What are the products of meiosis? Where do mitosis and meiosis occur? Time: 15 minutes

+ Activity 1 Create a diagram depicting what happens during meiosis Include a written explanation of what is happening Time: 30 minutes

+ Activity 2 Look at the picture on the following slide that compares mitosis and meiosis What are some similarities between the two processes? What are some differences? Time: 10 minutes

+ Closing and Homework Complete the “L” column of your KWL table, as well as any other questions you may have in the “W” column Complete your meiosis diagram if not completed

+ Day 3: Mendel Required reading: Supplemental text from wiki Learning Objectives: To learn about Mendel’s experiments with garden pea plants To understand the Law of Independent Assortment and the Law of Segregation To predict the probability of genetic crosses using Punnett squares

+ Starter Take a look at the data that was collected from Mendel’s experiments. What can you conclude with regards to the following: The ratio of traits in the offspring What trait is dominant? Recessive? How do you know? What different traits were studied? Time: 15 minutes

+ Activity 1 Create a vocabulary square for each of the following words Allele Dominant Recessive Law of Independent Assortment Law of Segregation Trait Inherited Heterozygous Homozygous Phenotype Genotype 4 squares: Word Definition (in your own words) Picture Sentence using the word Time: 30 minutes

+ Activity 2 Punnett squares are used to predict the probability of genetic traits in offspring The genotype is the genetic make up of the trait, and the phenotype is the physical characteristic the trait produces Example – Flower colour GenotypePhenotypeHetero/homozygous PPPurple flowerHomozygous PpPurple flowerHeterozygous PpWhite flowerHomozygous

+ Activity 2 (cont’d) Construct a Punnett square to show the possible outcomes for the following crosses: PP x pp Pp x pp Pp x Pp What are the genotypes and phenotypes for the offspring? What are the phenotypic ratios for the offspring? Time: 15 minutes

+ Activity 3 Complete the “Albinism” and “Coin Toss” activities in the Genetics packet Time: 20 minutes

+ Closing and Homework Complete the “L” column of your KWL table, as well as any other questions you may have in the “W” column Mendel’s data

+ Day 4: Patterns of Inheritance

+ Day 5: Variation and Inheritance

+ Day 6: Inheritance and Karyotyping (60 minutes)

+ Day 7: Human Genetic Traits

+ Day 8: Inherited Medical Conditions

+ Day 9: X & Y Chromosomes

+ Day 10: DNA

+ Day 11: DNA (60 minutes)

+ Day 12: Test