PROJECT PLANNING AND SCHEDULLING Presented by: PM Dr Mohamad Ibrahim Mohamad Construction Management Group Faculty of Civil Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia PROJECT PLANNING & SCHEDULLING

MANAGEMENT PROCESS Planning Organizing Machinery Human Evaluating Time Controlling Quality Material $ Cost Information Directing Leading

Main Objective Of management Effort..... To maximize the profit !!!!! $$$

Planning is …. …..devising of a workable scheme of operations that accomplishes an established objective when put into action.

THE FOCUS OF PLANNING What is to be accomplished and how?

THE FOCUS OF PLANNING “Determining the future objectives and appropriates means to achieve it”

PLANNING PROCESS WILL ANSWER THESE BASIC QUESTIONS: What must be done? How it should be done? Who should do it? When it must be done? How much will it cost

ELEMENTS OF PLANNING Objectives Action Resources Implementation

Policies : Major or Minor HIERARCHY OF PLANNING Purpose Objectives Strategies Policies : Major or Minor Procedure and Rules Programs Budgets

PROJECT PLAN ELEMENTS Overview General Approach Contractual Aspec Schedules Resources Personnel Evaluation Methods Potential Problems

BASIC FEEDBACK LOOP OF CONTROL PLAN ACTUAL no yes VARIANCE? New plan Find Cause Forecast to complete Corrective Action

IMPORTANCE OF PLANNING COORDINATING EFFORT PREPARE FOR CHANGE DEVELOPING PERFORMANCE STANDARD DEVELOPING MANAGER

PROJECT CHARACTERISTIC COMPLEX AND NUMEROUS ACTIVITY UNIQUE - A ONE TIME SET EVENT FINITE - WITH BEGIN AND AN END DATE LIMITED RESOURCES AND BUDGET MANY PEOPLE INVOLVED SEQUENCED ACTIVITIES GOAL ORIENTED

WHY PEOPLE FAIL IN PLANNING

WHY PEOPLE FAIL IN PLANNING Lack of commitment to planning Failure to develop and implement sound strategies Lack of meaningful objectives and goals Failure to see scope of plan Failure to see planning as a rational process Excessive reliance on experience

WHY PEOPLE FAIL IN PLANNING (continue..) Lack of management support Lack of clear delegation Lack of adequate control techniques Resistance to change

A schedule developed act as a baseline for accomplish the project. WHAT IS scheduling ? FORECAST/PROJECTED PLANNING A schedule developed act as a baseline for accomplish the project.

THE IMPORTANCE OF CONSTRUCTION PROJECT SCHEDULING To give confidence to the client To eliminate any uncertainties To improve the efficiency of the operation through efficient use of resources and cost control. To better understand of the project objectives To provide a basis for monitoring and controlling the work

THE IMPORTANCE OF PROJECT SCHEDULING – cont’d To develop logic relations on site activities To determine start date for each activity To determine critical activity. To monitor cash flow To enhance operation and resources efficiency to claim extension of time to ensure that all resources available for carry out activities.

General Schedule - Client / Project manager Who did the scheduling ? Client/ Project Manager Project Engineer Contractor General Schedule - Client / Project manager Detail Schedule - Contractor

TYPES OF SCHEDULLING Gantt Chart – Carta Bar/ Carta Turus Line of Balance CPM – Critical Path Method PERT – Project Evaluation Review Technique Precedence Diagram

SCHEDULING TECHNIQUE Bar Chart or Gantt’s Chart Activities JAN FEB MAC APR MAY Prelim. & Erthwork Sub-structure Frame Wall Roof Finishes

Advantages & Disadvantage of Bar Chart Easy to understand at any hierarchy of management Effective in term information transfer to technical staff (supervisor and staffs that not familiar with other technique) Suitable to estimate ‘man-hour’ and ‘machinery hour’ Utilised to plan budget and cash flow Easy to determine work progress Disadvantages: Critical activities cannot be identified Not effective in order to modify planning Not effective in order to compress project period

SCHEDULING TECHNIQUE Line of Balance Piling Pile-cap Piers Deck 20 Quantity Time 34

SCHEDULING TECHNIQUE Networking Activity on Arrow - CPM - PERT (Critical Path Method) - PERT (Project Evaluation Review Technique) Activity on Node - Precedence Method

LOGIC DIAGRAM Logic diagram represent order and flow of work. Excavate Footing Fixed Formwork Pour Concrete

TYPICAL ARROW DIAGRAM Fabricate Rebar Pour Fixed Excavate Concrete Trench Fixed Formwork Fabricate formwork

PROJECT TASK ID # ACTIVITY Duration Latest Start Time Earliest Start Finish Time Latest Finish Time

TYPICAL PRECEDENCE METHOD LOGIC DIAGRAM Fabricate Rebar Excavate Trench Fixed Formwork Fixed Rebar Pour Concrete Fabricate formwork