TRANSCRIPTION TRANSLATION DNA mRNA Ribosome Polypeptide (a) Bacterial cell Nuclear envelope TRANSCRIPTION RNA PROCESSING Pre-mRNA DNA mRNA TRANSLATION.

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Presentation transcript:

TRANSCRIPTION TRANSLATION DNA mRNA Ribosome Polypeptide (a) Bacterial cell Nuclear envelope TRANSCRIPTION RNA PROCESSING Pre-mRNA DNA mRNA TRANSLATION Ribosome Polypeptide (b) Eukaryotic cell 1

DNA molecule Gene 1 Gene 2 Gene 3 DNA template strand TRANSCRIPTION TRANSLATION mRNA Protein Codon Amino acid 2

Second mRNA base First mRNA base (5 end of codon) Third mRNA base (3 end of codon) 3

(a) Tobacco plant expressing a firefly gene (b) Pig expressing a jellyfish gene 4

Polypeptide Ribosome Amino acids tRNA with amino acid attached tRNA Anticodon Trp Phe Gly Codons 3 5 mRNA 5

Amino end of polypeptide mRNA 5 3 E P site A site GTP GDP E P A E PA GTP Ribosome ready for next aminoacyl tRNA E P A 6

Release factor 3 5 Stop codon (UAG, UAA, or UGA) Free polypeptide 2 GDP GTP 5 3 7

Wild-type hemoglobin DNA mRNA Mutant hemoglobin DNA mRNA CCTT T T G G A A A A AA A GG U Normal hemoglobinSickle-cell hemoglobin Glu Val 8

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