+ DNA Technology November 7 th, 2011

+ Journal Write True or False: Mutations are constantly happening to you RIGHT NOW? Explain your answer in atleast 3 complete sentences

+ Today you will… Explain the various types of genetic engineering Gene splicing Recombinant DNA Cloning Practice Gene Splicing Splicing Activity

+ Genetic Engineering Any change in DNA is called a mutation. Sometimes scientists cause mutations for a specific purpose, usually to benefit society in some way. This is called genetic engineering. Genetic engineering allows humans to create organisms with desirable traits.

+ TIME OUT Which of these results when one nitrogen base replaces another in a segment of genetic material? a) an enzyme substrate b) a mutation c) a feedback loop d) an adaptation

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+ Gene Splicing Gene Splicing: One way of doing this is using a special type of enzyme that cuts DNA segments in a way that allows the segments to be moved form one organism and attach to the DNA from a completely new organism. This new DNA is called recombinant DNA. Once that DNA is in the new organism, the new organism is able to produce new proteins which could result in more desirable traits.

+ Gene Splicing Cont. This image shows the process of gene splicing that creates recombinant DNA

+ TIME OUT Scientists can insert and remove nucleotides from a DNA strand. Which of these identifies this process? a) base pairing b) gene splicing c) DNA synthesis d) DNA transcription

+ TIME OUT In the laboratory, scientists remove the gene for insulin from human chromosomes. They insert the gene into the DNA of bacteria. This causes the bacteria to produce human insulin. The insulin is used to treat diabetes in humans. Which of these describes this process? a) Meiosis b) Fertilization c) gene splicing d) DNA fingerprinting

+ Cloning Cloning: a form of asexual reproduction where identical genetic copies are created. Celebrity Sheep Died at Age 6

+ TIME OUT When the segment of human DNA that codes for insulin production is inserted into bacterial DNA, the bacterium begins producing human insulin.Which of these best identifies the process by which human DNA is inserted into bacterial DNA? a) gene splicing b) crossing-over c) Mutation d) cloning

+ Exit Ticket Most bacteria do not have the ability to break down oil that is accidentally spilled into the ocean by tankers. However, scientists can insert a gene into the DNA of a bacterium to give it the ability to break down the oil. This technology is an example of a) crossing-over b) DNA replication c) gene splicing d) translation