Happy Tuesday!! Pick up a textbook and write your name (FIRST AND LAST) on the inside cover
3 Worlds Meet
In 1492 Columbus sailed the ocean blue! Christopher Columbus: Italian, sailed for Spain seeking a water route to Asia – Sailed west across the Atlantic Ocean – Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria Didn’t find Asia…BUT started the process of interaction between Europe, Africa and the Americas Met Taino Native Americans on San Salvador and called them “Indians”
Motives for Exploration God- Missionaries Gold- fortunes Glory-make a name for themselves and their monarchs Gadgets Increased population Renaissance Growth of commerce
Impact on Native Americans Colonization- the establishment of distant settlements controlled by the parent country Military forced used to control native populations Plantation system used with forced labor – Native American resistance- armed defense of land and revolts Disease took its toll on native populations – Had no immunity – Measles, mumps, chicken pox, smallpox, typhus, influenza Different views on land use
The Slave Trade Disease killed Native Americans- not a stable work force African slavery- alternative for labor In high demand Already resistant to European diseases Trans-Atlantic Slave trade Middle Passage 12 million people taken from Africa by early 1800s
Stop and Think! How were slaves captured and transported to the Americas?
Impact on Europeans Colonization benefitted many types of people: Merchants- make money Monarchs- increase power and influence Common people- new place to settle and work MASS MIGRATION
Columbian Exchange Movement of new plants and animals across the Atlantic between the Americas, Europe and Africa New to Europe and Africa: tobaccos, corn, tomatoes, potatoes, squash, peanuts, pumpkins, peppers, turkeys New to Americas: diseases, cattle, sheep, pig, chickens, horses, wheat, rice, sugar, coffee
European Rivalries Portugal v. Spain- led to… Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)- divided Western Hemisphere East of line (Brazil)- Portugal West of line (rest of the Americas)- Spain Ignored by the English, French and Dutch Started colonizing anyways
Spanish Claim a New Empire Conquistadors- Spanish explorers and conquerors who took over parts of the Americas for Spain Cortez- Conquered the Aztecs Pizzaro- conquered the Inca Ponce de Leon- Florida Coronado- American southwest
Spanish Empire Many Spanish men married Native women= mestizo culture- mixed Spanish and Native American Encomienda system- Spanish forced native populations to work on farms, ranches and in mines for Spanish lordships- eventually abolished
Stop and Think Why were the natives so resistant to the Europeans?