Any substance (or food) that is believed to enhance one’s performance above normal standards.

 The use of these substances and practices is controversial.  Drug testing has been instituted in many sporting programs.  Because of ethical violations associated with the inequities that result in competition and health problems that can result, use of these substances cannot be condoned!

 A stimulant that opens airway passages, and increases alertness.  Found in medications used to treat  Asthma  Nasal congestion  Weightloss

Most widely consumed, self-administered psychotropic drug in the world Energy-enhancing effect Stimulant for brain Reduces fatigue Diuretic

Morphine & Codeine  Pain management Side Effects  Dizziness  Drowsiness  Nausea  Loss of appetite  Hallucinations  Highly addictive

 Relaxation of blood vessels which slows the heart rate (HR)  Used in sports were physical activity is of little importance

 Increase kidney excretion and urine output.  Used to reduce body weight quickly or to decrease a drugs’ concentration in the urine  Wrestlers, gymnasts, dancers, jockeys

 Most commonly abused  Used to increase muscle size & strength associated with weight lifting  Commons sports  Power lifters  Throwing events  Football  Baseball

 Produced by pituitary  Increases  Muscle growth  Bone & connective tissue  Weight  Decrease body fat Side effects  Closure of growth plates  Heart defects  Kidney & liver disease

 Produced in kidneys  Increase RBC d/t low oxygen levels  Increases body’s ability to transport oxygen to working muscles  Used by endurance athletes/sports

 Blood is removed and stored, then reinfused after at least 6 weeks  Increases the body’s ability to transport oxygen to working muscles  Used by endurance athletes/sports  Banned by most sports Side Effects include - allergic reactions, clotting issues, kidney damage, fever, jaundice, infectious disease, shock, heart failure

 Corticosteroids  Injected into site to locally inhibit pain  Used by ALL sports Side Effects  Increased injury  Weakness and degeneration of tendons and ligaments

 Replenishes ATP very rapidly  Allows athlete to train harder Side Effects  Dehydration  Muscle cramping  Kidney damage  Liver damage  Hormone irregularities  Increased lipid levels

 Health of athletes and to help ensure that competition is fair and equitable.  Sports programs should have full-service programs that provide substance abuse education, counseling, and drug-detection.  Drug testing should be performed periodically in a random manner.

 A sports program must adopt the philosophy that “winning at all costs” is wrong.  It is essential for athletes to believe that if they do their very best and adhere to the rules of the sport, they will be doing exactly what is expected of them.