Rhoeadales: Disbanded! REBECCA S. FRANKLIN Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ,

Outline Location of families in Rhoeadales in Engler (1936) v. Cronquist (1988) v. APG II (2003) Description of families in Engler’s Rhoeadales, unifying characteristics. (many not covered in class) Regrouping in Cronquist, APG II

Engler & Diels 1936 Division Embryophyta Sub-division Angiospermae Class Dicotyledonae Order Rhoeadales Families –Papaveraceae –Fumariaceae –Capparidaceae (Capparaceae) –Brassicaceae –Tovariaceae –Resedaceae –Moringaceae –Bretschneideraceae

The disbanding and regrouping FamilyEngler (1936)Cronquist (1988)APG II (2003) PapaveraceaeRhoeadalesPapaveralesRanunculales FumariaceaeRhoeadalesPapaveralesRanunculales Capparidaceae (Cappadaceae) RhoeadalesCapparalesBrassicales (in Brassicaceae) BrassicaceaeRhoeadalesCapparalesBrassicales TovariaceaeRhoeadalesCapparalesBrassicales ResedaceaeRhoeadalesCapparalesBrassicales MoringaceaeRhoeadalesCapparalesBrassicales BretschneideraceaeRhoeadalesSapindalesBrassicales (in Akaniaceae)

Papaveraceae

Fumariaceae

Capparaceae

Brassicaceae

Tovariaceae

Resedaceae

Moringaceae Moringa spp.

Bretschneideraceae (in Akaniaceae) Bretschneidera spp.

Engler’s morphological circumscription : Families have : –Cymose or panniculate inflorescences –Highly dissected simple leaves (compound) –Numerous stamens

Cronquist (1988) Papaverales –Papaveraceae –Fumariaceae 2 sepals 3-aperature pollen Absence of ethereal oils Recent origin Isoquinoloine alkaloids Capparales –Capparaceae –Brassicaceae –Tovariaceae –Resedaceae –Moringaceae Compound leaves Parietal placentation Presences of glucosinolates Mustard oil! Hypogynous Sapindales –Bretschneideraceae Compound/cleft leaves Haplostemonous/diplostemo -nous androecium Well developed nectary disk Syncarpous ovary (1-2 ovules per) (Char indiv. In Rosales but not all together)

Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II (2003) Ranunculales –Papaveraceae –Fumariaceae (Berberidaceae) (Ranunculaceae) Combined Ranunculales + Papaverales Herbaceous Toothed/lobed/compound leaves Presence of alkaloids (isoquinoline type) Hypogynous, parts free and distince Numerous stamens Seeds w/tiny embryos Copious endosperm Brassicales –Capparaceae (in Brassicaceae) –Brassicaceae –Tovariaceae –Resedaceae –Moringaceae –Bretschneideraceae (in Akaniaceae) Monophyly of Brassicales and Capparales based on chloroplast sequence Mustard oils! (glucosinolates) 4-merous flowers, tetradynamous stamens Seeds with curved/folded embryos Lacking/nearly lacking endosperm –(5-merous straight embryos, parietal plac, endosperm in Moringaceae & Akariaceae)

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