FCS681 Types of Research Design: Non Experimental Hira Cho

Types of Designs Treatment ? control group? yesno yes no true experiment quasi-experiment non-experiment 2 Random Assignment? no

Experimental vs. Non Experimental Manipulation of IV (Treatment or Intervention) Observation of the influence Independent Variable  Dependent Variable No manipulation No control group Just observation VS.

Types of Research Experimental Quasi-Experimental Non Experimental

Non-Experimental Design  Non-Experimental Design is used to;  Construct a picture of a phenomenon  Explore events, people, or situations as they naturally occur  Test relationships and differences among variables  Types  Description  Frequency, percentages, averages, graphs, etc.  Comparison (t-test or one-way ANOVA)  Difference in two group of subjects (Ex. Math scores by gender)  Correlation (regression)  Ex. Math achievement and math attitudes  Prediction (regression)  Ex. Prediction of math achievement based on math attitudes 5

Cross-section design Bivariate: X  O Multivariate: X  O Y1 Y2

Longitudinal time series design X | X | X | X | X | X | --- O | O | O| O| O| O| --- Panel Design?

Examples  Household production theory:  Families are both producers and consumers of goods.  In an effort to maximize utility, families attempt to efficiently allocate time, income, and the collection of goods and services they both use and produce.  Study of the household production, consumption and household time allocation.  Time spent in hhp = f(age wife )

Time spent in hhp = f(age wife ) A. In 1995, a researcher collected data on time allocation of house wives and their ages. The researcher analyzed the relationship between the two variables through a simple regression (wives’ household production time - their age).  What is the name of this design? Suggest one improvement you could make in this design. Source: Godwin, D. (1992)

Time spent in hhp = f(age wife ) B. A researcher samples a group of year old wives in 1995 and asks them to recollect different period of their lives and report on their time allocation at specific dates (e.g., in 1955, when the women were 20-29, again in 1965, when the women were aged 30-39, etc.)  What is the name of this design? What is its key weakness? Source: Godwin, D. (1992)

Time spent in hhp = f(age wife ) C. The first data are collected from all age groups, aged 20-79, from a random sample of subjects in In 1995, another random sample of subject is taken and the same data, using the same instruments, are collected. Again in 2005, the same data are collected with the same instruments, from a third random sample of the population. She analyzes the time use of each age group across time.  What is the name of this design? What specific question in this research study does it answer best? Source: Godwin, D. (1992)

Time spent in hhp = f(age wife ) D. The first data collection from a random sample of subjects aged in In 1995, another random sample is taken and the same data, using the same instruments, are collected. Again in 2005, the same data are collected with the same instruments from a third random sample. The researcher examines those in the 1985 sample who were in the same age groups as they would have aged over 10 years until 1995 and aged another 10 years by For example, she studies the year olds in 1995 in comparison to the 1985 sample of year olds and the 2005 sample of year olds.  What is the name of this design? Discuss one of its key advantages. Source: Godwin, D. (1992)

Time spent in hhp = f(age wife ) E. A researcher draws a sample in 1985 of a group of year old wives, to survey their household production and age. In 1995, the researcher recontacted and reinterviewed the same sample and measures the same two variables in the same way. The researcher reinterviewed the same sample again in 2005, measuring the same variables with the same instruments.  What is the name of this design? Discuss its one most advantageous feature. Source: Godwin, D. (1992)

Practice Based on your group research proposal, develop a non experiment design (you can modify the current model for this practice). 1.State the alternative hypothesis 2.Specify the population 3.Diagram the design using the notations (R X Y O) 4.Explain the potential threats to the validity

Discussion Leader Sampling

Group Discussion Possible theory/framework Possible methodology Group report (Mar. 14, by midnight) A. Your theory 1) The visual image of the concept/model with the source 2) A brief introduction 3) How to apply the theory to your proposal B. Your Research Design 1)Possible methods 2)Define the population 3)Possible threats *In the heading, include the title/names/key words (as in your previous report) *Use page numbers

Assignment for week 9 Due: Mar 18, by noon, through Moodle – Three part journal – Individual Assignment: Preliminary paper outline *Please bring the hard copy to the class (I will collect it) Due: Mar 18, In class – Take Home Exercise 4: Download the exercise from the Moodle, work on it, and bring the hard copy to the class for week 8 Due: Mar. 21 (Sat), by midnight, through Moodle – Turn in an updated group report. Discussion Leader for Week 13 (Apr. 15) & 15 (Apr. 29) – Week 13: Miriam & Mayra – Week 15: Esme & Dania

Preliminary Paper outline Individual assignment for week 9 Organization of preliminary paper outline – Title – Your name – Introduction – Topic 1 (Heading & subheading) – Topic 2 (Heading & subheading) – Topic 3 (Heading & subheading) – Methodology (not necessary in this stage) *Use at least three topics for the headings. In each topic you will need multiple subheadings (refer to an journal article). *For each of heading or subheading, you will provide the summary of the contents in a paragraph. *Use page numbers!!