Nerves, Hormones & Homeostasis

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Presentation transcript:

Nerves, Hormones & Homeostasis Stephen Taylor i-Biology.net

Schwan cell

The Motor Neuron nerve impulse Diagram from: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anatomy_and_physiology_unlabeled_neuron.jpg

http://bcs.whfreeman.com/thelifewire/content/chp44/4402s.swf

-70mV Membrane 50 times more permeable to K+ ions than Na+ Proteins inside the nerve fiber are negatively charged which increases the charge imbalance.

http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/matthews/channel.html

From McGraw Hill: http://goo.gl/tI2MD http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/matthews/actionp.html

http://outreach.mcb.harvard.edu/animations/synaptic.swf

Acetylcholine Neurotransmitter in many synapses Produced in pre-synaptic neuron, loaded into vesicles & released into synaptic cleft during synaptic transmission. Receptors located in post-synaptic membrane While bound, one action potential is initiated. After transmission it breaks down.

Threshold potential Action potentials only initiated if threshold potential is reached At synapse, the amount of neurotransmitter secreted following depolarization of the pre-synaptic membrane may not be enough to cause t.p. to be reached in post-synaptic membrane. Depolarization does not take place. Returns to resting potential Neurons in brain & spinal cord have many pre-synaptic neurons. Often multiple must secrete neurotransmitters at same time.

neonicotinoids Synthetic compounds similar to nicotine Bind to acetylcholine receptor in the central nervous system of insects. Binding is irreversible, permanently blocking receptors resulting in paralysis and death Advantage in pesticides: not toxic to humans or mammals. Disadvantages: effects on honeybees and other beneficial insects.

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