Cell Structure and Function. Cell compartmentalization.

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Presentation transcript:

Cell Structure and Function

Cell compartmentalization

Organelle jigsaw Nucleus Ribosomes Smooth ER Rough ER Golgi apparatus Lysosomes Vacuoles

Cytoskeleton - structure Network of fibers extended throughout the cytoplasm FLEXIBLE!

Cytoskeleton function Mechanical support Maintain shape (animal cells) Anchors organelles and molecules Motility  Moves entire cells  Moves part of the cell  Motor proteins needed (whole cell, cilia, flagella, muscle contraction, vesicle movement)  Signal transduction

Cytoskeleton components

Microtubules - Centrioles 9 sets of 3

Microtubules - Cilia and Flagella

Microfilaments

Plant cell wall Cell protection, shape maintenance, prevents water uptake Found in some prokaryotes, protists, and fungi Cellulose + other polysaccharides

Extracellular Matrix

Carbohydrate functions

Intercellular junctions

Cell membrane structure

Protein functions

Membrane permeability Is the cell membrane permeable to…  Hydrophobic (nonpolar) molecules  Ions  Polar molecules  Small versus large molecules Aquaporins

Lab 1: Diffusion & Osmosis Concepts  semi-permeable membrane  diffusion  osmosis  solutions hypotonic hypertonic isotonic  water potential

Diffusion vs. osmosis

Lab 1: Diffusion & Osmosis

Tonicity

Water potential (KNOW THIS WELL!) Ψ: Water potential (in MPa) Always higher to lower Ψ Ψ s : solute potential (osmotic potential) Always (-) Ψ p : Pressure potential (+ or -) Animal cells: Ψ = Ψ s ( Plant cells: Ψ = Ψ s + Ψ p

Facilitated diffusion

Active transport

Cotransport

Sodium-Potassium Pump

Endocytosis and exocytosis

Reading quiz Page 140, problems 6-10

Review of chromosome vs. chromatid

Cell cycle

Mitotic spindle

Cytokinesis

Cell cycle control

Cancer growth

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