Cells SOL Review

Cell Basics There are two types of cells: –Prokaryotic: Cells that lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles Example: Bacterial cell –Eukaryotic: Cells that have a nucleus and have membrane-bound organelles. Example: Plant and Animal cells

Prokaryotic Cells Are smaller and much more simple than eukaryotic cells DNA is a circular plasmid, not surrounded by a nucleus.

Eukaryotic Cells All eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, as well as other membrane-bound organelles Protists, Fungi, Plants, and Animals all have eukaryotic cells.

Plant Cell vs Animal Cell Plant Cell -Contain chloroplasts, and cell walls, unlike animal cells Animal Cell

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles Organelles each have a specific function that enables the cell to survive They work together, much like organs in the body

The Nucleus Found: Plant and Animal Cells Function: Contains the DNA (genetic material) and directs the activities of the cell Comparison: Acts like a brain for the cell

Ribosome Found: Plant, Animal, and Bacterial cells Function: Protein factory - makes proteins for the cell Comparison: Acts like a factory in a town, making necessary materials

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Found: Plant and Animal Cells Function: Acts as a transport system or roadway that allows particles to move throughout the cell Comparison: Acts like an interstate

Golgi Body/Complex Found: Plant and Animal Cells Function: Packages proteins and materials for transport out of the cell Comparison: Acts like UPS, putting packages in vesicles for transport

Mitochondria Found: Plant and Animal Cells Function: Makes energy (ATP) for the cell Comparison: Like the power plant for the cell

Chloroplasts Found: Plant Cells Function: Makes food, or sugar (glucose), for the cell Comparison: Chef of the cell

Vacuole Found: Plant and Animal Cells Function: Stores food, water, and other materials for the cell –Note: Vacuoles are especially large in plants for storing water…full vacuoles ensure your salad is crispy Comparison: Storage sheds

Lysosomes Found: Animal Cells Function: Break down old materials for reuse Comparison: Recycling Factory

Cell Membrane Found: ALL Cells Function: Controls what comes in and out of the cell Comparison: City Gate

Cell Wall Found: Plant cells and Bacterial Cells Function: Protects the cell and gives it support Comparison: City Wall

Cytoplasm Found: ALL Cells Function: Where the chemical reactions of the cell occur –Also where the other organelles float