NEW WORLD

Shaping of North America ◦ Supercontinent ◦ Contained all dry land ◦ Began to drift away ◦ Rocky Mtn. = “Roof of the America” ◦ Lake Bonneville ◦ Utah, Nevada, and Idaho ◦ Drained to the Pacific Ocean through Snake and Columbia Rivers ◦ Great Lake Remained

Peopling the Americas ◦ 35,000 yrs ago ◦ Bering Strait ◦ Eurasia = North America ◦ Migratory herds ◦ Nomadic Asian hunters

Cont. ◦ 54 million people inhabited America’s ◦ Split into tribes ◦ 2,000 languages = diverse ◦ Incas = Peru ◦ Aztecs = Mexico ◦ 20 million ◦ Elaborate cities ◦ Commerce

Earliest Americans ◦ Agriculture ◦ Size ◦ Sophistication of culture ◦ Corn = Staff of Life ◦ Spread across America ◦ Transformation ◦ Pueblo ◦ Rio Grande = Irrigation ◦ Adobe ◦ Terraced buildings

Europeans ◦ Caravel = ship ◦ Sail more closely into the wind ◦ Portuguese ◦ Trading posts along African shoreline ◦ Slaves / Gold ◦ Slave Brokers ◦ Sugar plantations ◦ Shape the New World

Cont. ◦ Spain takes over ◦ Ferdinand / Isabella ◦ Race for wealth ◦ Portugal dominated Africa ◦ Spain looked westward

Columbus ◦ Renaissance = 14 th century ◦ Compass ◦ Columbus = sailed for Spain ◦ 3 ships ◦ 6 weeks ◦ Oct. 12, 1492 ◦ Bahamas ◦ Global economic system emerged ◦ Europe, Africa, and New World

Worlds collide ◦ Columbian exchange ◦ New World ◦ Exotic animals ◦ Rattle snakes, iguanas ◦ Plants ◦ Corn, tomato, potato, tobacco ◦ Most important gift ◦ Changed economy ◦ Old World ◦ crops / animals / disease ◦ Seedlings of sugar cane, dandelions, daisies ◦ Horse

Conquistadores ◦ 1500’s ◦ Spanish Explorers ◦ dominant power ◦ Fanned out across Americas ◦ Treaty of Tordesillas ◦ Dividing Portugal and Spain

Explorers ◦ Vasco Nunez Balboa ◦ 1513 ◦ Panama ◦ Pacific Ocean ◦ Ferdinand Magellan ◦ 1519 ◦ Tip of South America to Philippines ◦ 1 st to sail around the world

Explorers ◦ Juan Ponce de Leon ◦ 1513 and 1521 ◦ Florida ◦ Francisco Coronado ◦ 1540 – 1542 ◦ Arizona / New Mexico / Kansas ◦ Grand Canyon / Rio Grande / Colorado River ◦ Buffalo ◦ Hernando de Soto ◦ Gold seeking / 600 men ◦ Mississippi

Explorers ◦ Hernan Cortes ◦ 1519 ◦ Mexico ◦ Interpreters - Malinche ◦ Aztecs ◦ Noche triste – June 30, 1520 ◦ Disease ◦ Temples destroyed

Spanish America ◦ 160,000 Spaniards subjugated millions of Indians ◦ Printing Press ◦ Cathedrals ◦ English ◦ John Cabot ◦ 1497 ◦ Northeaster Coast of North America