South Africa Today Starter: Brain Warm Up Starter: Brain Warm Up 6 categories starting with… 6 categories starting with… L.O: To explain the impact that colonisation still has on South Africa.

During this lesson - the boys will not be allowed to talk to anyone, especially the girls, unless they are directly addressed the boys will not be allowed to talk to anyone, especially the girls, unless they are directly addressed They will not be allowed to answer questions, unless they are directly asked They will not be allowed to answer questions, unless they are directly asked They can’t leave the classroom for any reason They can’t leave the classroom for any reason How would you feel if this were to actually happen? How would you feel if this were to actually happen? Boys? Boys? Girls? Girls?

Recap Share your homework (3,2,1) as a class Share your homework (3,2,1) as a class Why was the reading called “Sowing the Seed of Fear and Hate”? Why was the reading called “Sowing the Seed of Fear and Hate”? Why is there mistrust between the four groups of people in South Africa. Why is there mistrust between the four groups of people in South Africa. Do you think that still exists today? Do you think that still exists today?

Discussion Points What does Apartheid mean? What does Apartheid mean? It means apartness or separation It means apartness or separation

Brief History of SA South Africa became a British Colony in 1806 after the Anglo-Boer War South Africa became a British Colony in 1806 after the Anglo-Boer War Britain exploited the colony for its wealth of diamonds and gold Britain exploited the colony for its wealth of diamonds and gold In 1913, the Natives’ Land Act was passed In 1913, the Natives’ Land Act was passed This severely limited the amount of land which black people could own This severely limited the amount of land which black people could own Like other colonies, South Africa supported Britain during both world wars Like other colonies, South Africa supported Britain during both world wars

The Apartheid laws created various inequalities between white and black people The Apartheid laws created various inequalities between white and black people Who do you think benefited from the new laws? Who do you think benefited from the new laws? The people of South Africa were classified into different groups The people of South Africa were classified into different groups White people White people Black people Black people Coloured people Coloured people Indian people Indian people

Discriminatory Laws of Apartheid Mixed Marriages Act (1949) Mixed Marriages Act (1949) Marriages between people of different races, as defined by the classifications previously mentioned, were banned Marriages between people of different races, as defined by the classifications previously mentioned, were banned Group Areas Act (1950) Group Areas Act (1950) Black people were confined to living in small pockets of land – this made up only 14% of the total land in South Africa. There were over 23 million black people in South Africa Black people were confined to living in small pockets of land – this made up only 14% of the total land in South Africa. There were over 23 million black people in South Africa Where do you think the black people lived after the Group Areas Act was passed? Where do you think the black people lived after the Group Areas Act was passed? Why do you think the National Party passed this law? Why do you think the National Party passed this law?

Alexandra Township, Johannesburg

Discriminatory Laws of Apartheid Pass Book Act (1952) Pass Book Act (1952) Black people had to carry identity cards with them at all times Black people had to carry identity cards with them at all times The police had the power to stop black people at random and ask for their pass books. If they failed to produce the book, they were arrested The police had the power to stop black people at random and ask for their pass books. If they failed to produce the book, they were arrested Imagine you are a black person living in South Africa during Apartheid. How would you react to these laws? Imagine you are a black person living in South Africa during Apartheid. How would you react to these laws? Do these laws remind you of a European leader? Do these laws remind you of a European leader?

The Fight Against Apartheid The African National Congress (ANC) was formed in 1912 They became the champions for the equality of blacks They wanted to gain full citizenship for the black population of South Africa

Tactics used by the ANC In 1952, the ANC launched its Campaign for the Defiance of Unjust Laws In 1952, the ANC launched its Campaign for the Defiance of Unjust Laws This was a policy of mass civil disobedience This was a policy of mass civil disobedience What laws do you think they broke during this act of disobedience? What laws do you think they broke during this act of disobedience? They broke the Pass Book Law, they entered public buildings using the ‘Whites Only’ entrance and they demanded service at ‘White Only’ counters in post offices and shops They broke the Pass Book Law, they entered public buildings using the ‘Whites Only’ entrance and they demanded service at ‘White Only’ counters in post offices and shops

Nelson Mandela Mandela was actively involved in the ANC Mandela was actively involved in the ANC During the 1952 Campaign, Mandela was elected the National Volunteer in Chief During the 1952 Campaign, Mandela was elected the National Volunteer in Chief By the end of the year he was Deputy President of the ANC By the end of the year he was Deputy President of the ANC Throughout the Campaign of 1952, Mandela travelled around South Africa organising resistance to Apartheid Throughout the Campaign of 1952, Mandela travelled around South Africa organising resistance to Apartheid As a result, he was arrested, given a suspended sentence and told he could not leave Johannesburg As a result, he was arrested, given a suspended sentence and told he could not leave Johannesburg

Sharpeville Massacre 21 March 1960 – a demonstration, organised by the Pan African Conference, took place outside the Sharpeville police station 21 March 1960 – a demonstration, organised by the Pan African Conference, took place outside the Sharpeville police station They were protesting against the Pass Book Law They were protesting against the Pass Book Law There were 5000 demonstrators, made up of men, women and children There were 5000 demonstrators, made up of men, women and children It is unclear if the protesters were peaceful during the entire demonstration or if they were threatening violence It is unclear if the protesters were peaceful during the entire demonstration or if they were threatening violence Regardless, the police fired upon the crowd, killing 69 and wounding 186 Regardless, the police fired upon the crowd, killing 69 and wounding 186

A photo of the scene after the police had fired upon the demonstrators

Fighting Back – Guerrilla Warfare The Sharpeville Massacre brought an end to non- violent protest The Sharpeville Massacre brought an end to non- violent protest Mandela actively encouraged blacks to use violent methods to gain their civil rights Mandela actively encouraged blacks to use violent methods to gain their civil rights As a result of this call, the National Party arrested Mandela in 1964 As a result of this call, the National Party arrested Mandela in 1964 This was out of the fear that he may begin a revolution This was out of the fear that he may begin a revolution

The end of resistance? Mandela was sentenced to life imprisonment at Robben Camp Mandela was sentenced to life imprisonment at Robben Camp He remained in solitary confinement for 20 years He remained in solitary confinement for 20 years Was his imprisonment the end of resistance to Apartheid ? Was his imprisonment the end of resistance to Apartheid ?

A slow end to Apartheid Under Prime Minister PW Botha, small laws were made which returned some freedom to the black community Under Prime Minister PW Botha, small laws were made which returned some freedom to the black community In 1986, the Pass Laws were removed; black townships were encouraged to elect their own councils and he got rid of the separate entrances, benches, beaches and jobs for black people In 1986, the Pass Laws were removed; black townships were encouraged to elect their own councils and he got rid of the separate entrances, benches, beaches and jobs for black people Do you think these reforms would have been enough to appease the black population? Do you think these reforms would have been enough to appease the black population? No, it caused many of the anti-apartheid groups to launch a joint attack on Botha’s policies No, it caused many of the anti-apartheid groups to launch a joint attack on Botha’s policies For the first time, this group included white South Africans For the first time, this group included white South Africans

Nelson Mandela Freed Nelson Mandela Freed During his 20 years in prison, Mandela became a worldwide symbol of the anti- Apartheid movement During his 20 years in prison, Mandela became a worldwide symbol of the anti- Apartheid movement Glasgow City Council, in an attempt to embarrass the South African government, renamed the street which their consulate to Nelson Mandela Place Glasgow City Council, in an attempt to embarrass the South African government, renamed the street which their consulate to Nelson Mandela Place In 1990, President de Klerk gave into international pressure, released Mandela and lifted the ban on the ANC In 1990, President de Klerk gave into international pressure, released Mandela and lifted the ban on the ANC His release was followed by the abandonment of the remaining Apartheid laws His release was followed by the abandonment of the remaining Apartheid laws

Post- Apartheid Upon his release, Mandela continued to fight for true democracy in South Africa Upon his release, Mandela continued to fight for true democracy in South Africa However, he did not fight racism with racism However, he did not fight racism with racism In 1994, South Africa witnessed its first truly democratic elections – people of every race was given the right to vote In 1994, South Africa witnessed its first truly democratic elections – people of every race was given the right to vote The ANC won and Mandela was made the first black President of South Africa The ANC won and Mandela was made the first black President of South Africa

Video Analysis Watch the video: Watch the video: M0 M0 M0 M0

Poster Creation Using the ‘Strip Design’ app create your own poster for Freedom Day, 27 th April. Using the ‘Strip Design’ app create your own poster for Freedom Day, 27 th April. You must have some images or text that talks about South Africa’s history You must have some images or text that talks about South Africa’s history You must explain what Apartheid is. You must explain what Apartheid is.