Solutions Solution definitions Calculating Molarity

2 Formation of solutions Solution: – Homogeneous mixture… the best mixed mixture. Solutions contain 2 parts: – Solute: the stuff dissolving – Solvent: the stuff its dissolved into Salt water, Salt =? Water=? Solute Solvent

3 Saturated and unsaturated solutions. Saturated: – Contains the maximum amount of solute for a given amount of solvent constant T) Unsaturated: – Contains less than the maximum solute for a given solvent.

4 Factors affecting solubility 1.Temperature 1.Higher temp usually = higher solubility 2.Gas pressure above the liquid Henry’s Law Higher pressure = more gas dissoved. 3.Solute solvent relationship Polar or non-polar

5 Principles of Solubility Nature of the solute and solvent Like likes like. Electrolytes will dissolve in a polar solvent (like water) Non-electrolytes will dissolve more easily in non polar or slightly polar solvents (like benzene, or toluene)

6 Concentration Units Molarity (M) Molarity = moles of solute/liters of solution Units:mol/L Tricks: 1.change mass to moles 2.change mL to Liters There are 6.0 moles of NaCl in a 500 mL of water, what is the molarity?

7 Molarity calculations 500.0mL of potassium chloride solution is made by putting 85.0g into water. What is the molarity of a solution made by dissolving 16.9 g of NaOH in enough water to make mL of solution.