Solution Chemistry. Nature of Solutions Most substances are not pure, but rather, mixtures. Most substances are not pure, but rather, mixtures. Homogeneous.

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Presentation transcript:

Solution Chemistry

Nature of Solutions Most substances are not pure, but rather, mixtures. Most substances are not pure, but rather, mixtures. Homogeneous mixtures are called solutions. Homogeneous mixtures are called solutions. Solutions can be solids, liquids, or gases. Solutions can be solids, liquids, or gases. Solute: smaller part, is dissolved. Solute: smaller part, is dissolved. Solvent: larger part, does the dissolving. Solvent: larger part, does the dissolving.

Solid solutions are called alloys.

What is the solute/solvent in each of these solutions?

The process of dissolving involves: 1.The solvent particles completely surround the solute. 2.If the force of attraction between solute + solvent > solute + solute, the solvent particles lift the solute away. 3.The solvent particles make space for the solute.

NaCl solution

Because the solute particles and the solvent particles must be similar chemically, polar solvents dissolve polar solutes and nonpolar solvents dissolve nonpolar solutes or: Like dissolves like Which of the following will dissolve in water? C 2 H 5 OHC 2 H 2 HClCO 2 I 2 CH 3 Cl CH 4 NH 3 HFSO 2

What factors affect how easily one substance dissolves in another substance?

Stirring Stirring Increasing the surface area Increasing the surface area Increasing the temperature Increasing the temperature

Unsaturated solution:

Saturated solution:

Supersaturated solution: