Solutions Are homogeneous mixtures that come in solid, liquid, or gaseous form. Solute Solvent.

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Presentation transcript:

Solutions Are homogeneous mixtures that come in solid, liquid, or gaseous form. Solute Solvent

Factors Affecting Solubility Nature of the solute and the solvent Agitation Temperature Size of particles/Surface Area Nature of the solute and the solvent Agitation Temperature Size of particles/Surface Area

What is solubility? Ability to get dissolved or to be dissolved Is the amount of solute dissolved in a given amount of solvent at specified conditions of T and P to produce a saturated solution. Ability to get dissolved or to be dissolved Is the amount of solute dissolved in a given amount of solvent at specified conditions of T and P to produce a saturated solution.

Types of solution in terms of concentration Saturated Solution – contains the maximum amount of solute for a given amount of solvent at a constant T. Unsaturated Solution – contains less amount of solute than a saturated solution. Supersaturated Solution - contains more solute than a saturated solution. Saturated Solution – contains the maximum amount of solute for a given amount of solvent at a constant T. Unsaturated Solution – contains less amount of solute than a saturated solution. Supersaturated Solution - contains more solute than a saturated solution.

Ways of Expressing Concentrations of Solutions 1. Molarity/Molar Concentration – is the number of moles of solute per 1L of solution. M = n of solute / L of solution 2. Dilution – means adding more solvent to the concentrated solution. M 1 V 1 = M 2 V 2 3. Percent Solutions by volume– when both solute and solvent are liquids % V = V of solute / V of solution x 100% % Mass = gram of solute / mL of solution x 100% 4.Molality (m)/Molal Concentration = moles of solute/ kg of solvent 5.Mole Fraction

Molarity Problems (M = moles of solute / liters of solvent) 1.A salt solution has a volume of 250mL and contains 0.70mol of NaCl. What is the molarity of the solution? 2.A saline solution contains 0.87g of NaCl per 50.0 mL of solution. What is the molarity of the solution? 3. How many grams of solute are present in 1.5L of 0.20 M Na 2 SO 4 ? 4. Calculate the molarity of the ff: a. 1.0 mol of KCl in 750mL of solution. b.400g of CuSO 4 in 4.00 L of solution. 5. How many moles of solute are in 250mL of 2.0M CaCl 2 ? How many grams of CaCl 2 are there?