Chabot College ELEC 99.05 Layer 2 - Highlights.

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Presentation transcript:

Chabot College ELEC 99.05 Layer 2 - Highlights

Layer 1 Limitations No way to communicate with upper layers No addressing No logical grouping or organization of bits (framing) No method to control media access

Layer 2 Layer 2 solves these problems. 2

Data Link Sublayers LLC (Logical Link Control) MAC (Media Access Control) IEEE 802 Extension to the OSI Model

The IEEE Working Groups 802.1 Networking Overview and Architecture 802.2 Logical Link Control 802.3 Ethernet 802.4 Token Bus 802.5 Token Ring 802.6 MANs 802.7 Broadband 802.8 Fiber Optic 802.9 Isochronous LAN ...and more!

OSI v IEEE

Logical Link Control (LLC) Defined by a committee named 802.2 Is technology independent Is not used by all networks What is it?

Logical Link Control Provides independence to the protocols running in the upper and lower layers. The LLC acts as a managing buffer between the “executive” upper layers and the “shipping department” lower layers. Communicates up and down.

802.2 LLC IPX IP LLC 10BaseT Ethernet Layer 3 Layer 2 - LLC APPLE-TALK Layer 3 LLC Layer 2 - LLC Layer 2- MAC &Layer 1 10BaseT Ethernet

802.2 LLC IP LLC Layer 3 Layer 2 - LLC Layer 2- MAC &Layer 1 Ethernet Token Ring FDDI

Media Access Control (MAC) Responsible for the actual framing builds the 1s and 0s to hand off to the physical layer. Responsible for media access: Contention Token Passing Polling

The MAC Address

MAC Addresses Are Flat

Framing A message is “framed” at layer two. Framing provides order, or structure, to the bitstream.

Frame Format

FCS – Frame Checksum Used to insure that the data has arrived without corruption. More efficient than sending the data twice and comparing the results. Necessary to prevent errors.

Media Access Control Media Access Control methods can be divided into two flavors: Deterministic Non-deterministic

Deterministic Media Access aka “Taking Turns” example: Token Passing used in Token Ring No collisions

Non-Deterministic “First Come, First Served” Example: CSMA/CD used in Ethernet Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection

Layer 2 Technologies Three common layer 2 technologies: Ethernet: non-deterministic Token Ring: deterministic FDDI: deterministic