Causes of War of 1812 Napoleonic Wars (1803 – 1815)

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Presentation transcript:

Causes of War of 1812 Napoleonic Wars (1803 – 1815) France and Britain engage in economic warfare Berlin and Milan Decrees (France): restrict trade with England Orders of Council (Great Britain): restrict trade with France Impressment of American sailors British capture American ships (6,000 sailors seized by 1807) Violation of “Freedom of the Seas” Chesapeake-Leopard Affair (1807) British kill 3 Americans, injure 17 Public wants retaliation U.S. attempts economic warfare Embargo Act (1807): prohibits all international trade to and from American ports Non-Intercourse Act (1809): allowed trade with all nations except Britain and France Macon’s Bill #2 (1810): authorized reopening of trade with Britain or France depending on who treated the U.S. properly

President James Madison Wins Election of 1808 and 1812 “War Hawks” in Congress SW, elected in 1810 demand WAR against Britain and Spain Led by John Calhoun (SC) and Henry Clay (KY) Tecumseh and Battle of Tippecanoe Shawnee chief unite Ohio tribes against American settlers Americans believe British in Canada were encouraging Indian raids Governor William Henry Harrison defeats Indians (Nov. 1811) Madison attempts diplomatic measures Sends war message to Congress on June 1, 1812 Republicans help push war declaration through Federalists strongly oppose war WAR – June 18, 1812 “Free Trade and Sailors’ Rights”