Chapter 8 The Ocean and the Atmosphere. Weather & Climate.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 8 The Ocean and the Atmosphere

Weather & Climate

Meteorology  1400’s  Rain gauge  Anemometer  Humidity  1600’s  Barometer  Atmospheric circulation cells  Edmund Halley  George Hadley  William Ferrell

Weather Prediction & Chaos Theory

Air-Sea Interface  Vapor Pressure  Evaporation  Condensation

Clouds

Dimethyl Sulfides (DMS)  Self-supporting thermal control system

The Atmosphere

Wind Stress & Turbulence

Sea Ice  Forms at polar latitudes  Salt molecules excluded from ice latticework

Sea Ice  Floes  Ridges & hummocks  Fast ice

Sea Ice  Arctic  Semi-enclosed  2-3 m  3% decrease per decade  Antarctic  Open  1-2 m

Ice-Albedo Positive Feedback Loop  How melting ice causes more ice to melt!

Effects of Rotation  Coriolis Effect

Coriolis Effect  Coriolis effect is the apparent deflection of moving objects to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere  The deflection is caused by the differential speed of rotation between Earth’s equator and polar regions, relative to an object moving across the Earth’s surface.  Centrifugal force