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Chinese Dynasties Nearly 3000 Years From the Qin to the Qing

The Legacy of the Chinese Dynasties Dynastic rule in China lasts for nearly 3000 years Dynastic rule in China lasts for nearly 3000 years From about 1700BC to 1911AD From about 1700BC to 1911AD Many different dynasties (ruling families) control China during this period Many different dynasties (ruling families) control China during this period Also 2 outside groups invade and control China, but adopt Chinese names Also 2 outside groups invade and control China, but adopt Chinese names **Several of these many dynasties are noteworthy for their style of rule, achievements, and contribution to history

Qin – the First Empire 221BC – 206BC 221BC – 206BC Chinese states and kingdoms first united under one ruler, Shi Huangdi (“First Emperor”) Chinese states and kingdoms first united under one ruler, Shi Huangdi (“First Emperor”) The name “China” comes from the name of this dynasty The name “China” comes from the name of this dynasty

Qin – The Rule of Shi Huangdi Legalist principles adopted to govern the empire Legalist principles adopted to govern the empire Strict, harsh and uniform laws Strict, harsh and uniform laws Centralized power in his own hands Centralized power in his own hands General improvements General improvements Standardized weights and measures Standardized weights and measures Improved transportation by building roads Improved transportation by building roads Helped farmers by initiating irrigation projects Helped farmers by initiating irrigation projects Banned/burned Confucian books and persecuted Confucian scholars Banned/burned Confucian books and persecuted Confucian scholars The Great Wall – joined other, smaller walls together and extended its reach The Great Wall – joined other, smaller walls together and extended its reach

Qin – The Fall of Shi Huangdi Shi’s policies were mostly successful in uniting and strengthening the empire Shi’s policies were mostly successful in uniting and strengthening the empire But the taxes required to accomplish many of these tasks placed a burden on many But the taxes required to accomplish many of these tasks placed a burden on many Great Wall, public works projects also require peasant labor Great Wall, public works projects also require peasant labor Nobles also resented his control of ideas and knowledge Nobles also resented his control of ideas and knowledge After his death, revolts break out in China After his death, revolts break out in China A peasant leader named Liu Bang overthrows the Qin and begins a new dynasty – the Han A peasant leader named Liu Bang overthrows the Qin and begins a new dynasty – the Han

The Qin Dynasty

The Han 206BC – 220AD; First ruler – Liu Bang 206BC – 220AD; First ruler – Liu Bang China extends its empire into central Asia China extends its empire into central Asia

The Rule of the Han Chinese contribute silk, jade and bronze Chinese contribute silk, jade and bronze Chinese receive products from India and Asia, and learn about other cultures as well Chinese receive products from India and Asia, and learn about other cultures as well Lasts for around 400 years Lasts for around 400 years Chinese goods travel the Silk Road all the way to the Middle East and beyond Chinese goods travel the Silk Road all the way to the Middle East and beyond

The Rule of the Han Restored Confucian ideas in government Restored Confucian ideas in government Government should be run by most intelligent and talented in society Government should be run by most intelligent and talented in society Ideas/inventions developed during this time include: Ideas/inventions developed during this time include: Paper, seismograph, measurement of the pulse, astronomy, irrigation systems, foot stirrup Paper, seismograph, measurement of the pulse, astronomy, irrigation systems, foot stirrup Chinese establish a rigorous exam system in order to determine which individuals in society were worthy of prestigious government jobs Chinese establish a rigorous exam system in order to determine which individuals in society were worthy of prestigious government jobs This civil service system exists until the early 1900’s This civil service system exists until the early 1900’s

The Han Peasant rebellions, internal fighting and power struggles mark the end of the Han period Peasant rebellions, internal fighting and power struggles mark the end of the Han period Over the next 400 years, no major dynasty exists, but several smaller rulers maintained power Over the next 400 years, no major dynasty exists, but several smaller rulers maintained power

The Tang Dynasty Lasts from 618AD – 907AD Lasts from 618AD – 907AD Emerges after period of frequent dynastic changes Emerges after period of frequent dynastic changes Sometimes coupled with a prior dynasty, the Sui Sometimes coupled with a prior dynasty, the Sui Distinction of having the only female empress in Chinese history Distinction of having the only female empress in Chinese history

The Tang Dynasty Canals built during and before this dynasty help to unite the empire Canals built during and before this dynasty help to unite the empire Increase trade, transportation and communication Increase trade, transportation and communication Growth of rice increases dramatically due to new inventions Growth of rice increases dramatically due to new inventions Policy of taxation by person, not by land, indicates well-developed census system Policy of taxation by person, not by land, indicates well-developed census system Compiled the Tang code; earliest Chinese system of laws that still exists Compiled the Tang code; earliest Chinese system of laws that still exists

The Tang Dynasty

The Sang Lasts from 960AD – 1279AD Lasts from 960AD – 1279AD Under both the Tang and the Sang, China enjoyed times of peace Under both the Tang and the Sang, China enjoyed times of peace

Achievements of The Sang Literature and the arts flourished; poetry and painting become popular Literature and the arts flourished; poetry and painting become popular Block printing and movable type were also invented during this time Block printing and movable type were also invented during this time These advancements also contributed to the increase in literacy These advancements also contributed to the increase in literacy The Sang constructed a navy to facilitate and protect their trade interests The Sang constructed a navy to facilitate and protect their trade interests Became a great sea power for a timeBecame a great sea power for a time Utilized inventions of rudder, gunpowder and the magnetic compassUtilized inventions of rudder, gunpowder and the magnetic compass

The Sang Dynasty

The Mongol Invasions During the early 1200’s, Mongols emerge as a strong threat to powers in Asia During the early 1200’s, Mongols emerge as a strong threat to powers in Asia Genghis Khan captured a vast empire during by 1227 Genghis Khan captured a vast empire during by 1227 After his death, his empire was split among his sons After his death, his empire was split among his sons

The Yuan (Mongol) dynasty Kublai Khan extends Mongol empire to include all of China by 1279 Kublai Khan extends Mongol empire to include all of China by 1279 Adopts the name Yuan as a ruling family Adopts the name Yuan as a ruling family Rule was difficult since Mongols and Chinese were very different Rule was difficult since Mongols and Chinese were very different Tried to reduce the role of Confucian scholars and preserve Mongol culture in China; Yuan allowed no Chinese officials in government Tried to reduce the role of Confucian scholars and preserve Mongol culture in China; Yuan allowed no Chinese officials in government In the end, the Mongols made better warriors than governors, and the Chinese were able to overthrow them in In the end, the Mongols made better warriors than governors, and the Chinese were able to overthrow them in 1368

The Yuan (Mongol) dynasty

The Ming Dynasty Rules China from 1368AD – 1644AD Rules China from 1368AD – 1644AD Peasant leader named Zhu Yuanzhang drives Mongols out of China and claims the Mandate of Heaven Peasant leader named Zhu Yuanzhang drives Mongols out of China and claims the Mandate of Heaven

The Ming Dynasty Ming attempt to return China to peace and prosperity that had existed under Tang/Sang Ming attempt to return China to peace and prosperity that had existed under Tang/Sang Revived use of Confucian ideas Revived use of Confucian ideas Moved the capital to Beijing; the “Forbidden City” Moved the capital to Beijing; the “Forbidden City” Much of what we know of the Great Wall was built or rebuilt during this period Much of what we know of the Great Wall was built or rebuilt during this period Sent large expeditions overseas to re-establish trade and their power at sea Sent large expeditions overseas to re-establish trade and their power at sea But at some point in history, the Ming begin to cut off their trade and contact with the outside world But at some point in history, the Ming begin to cut off their trade and contact with the outside world Exact reason is unknown; but this allows others to assume a more powerful position on the world stage (i.e., Europe) Exact reason is unknown; but this allows others to assume a more powerful position on the world stage (i.e., Europe)

The Ming Dynasty

The Qing – China’s Last Dynasty Lasts from 1644AD – 1911AD Lasts from 1644AD – 1911AD Invaders from Manchu region in northeast China conquer the Ming Invaders from Manchu region in northeast China conquer the Ming Dynasty also known as the “Manchu” dynasty Dynasty also known as the “Manchu” dynasty

The Qing – China’s Last Dynasty The Manchus did not attempt to assimilate into Chinese culture The Manchus did not attempt to assimilate into Chinese culture Passed laws preventing intermixing of cultures Passed laws preventing intermixing of cultures Required Chinese men to adopt Manchu clothing; try to outlaw foot binding but are unsuccessful Required Chinese men to adopt Manchu clothing; try to outlaw foot binding but are unsuccessful Created dual positions in government for Chinese and Manchus Created dual positions in government for Chinese and Manchus During this time, European influence became very strong in China During this time, European influence became very strong in China

The Qing – China’s Last Dynasty

Review From which dynasty does the name “China” come from? From which dynasty does the name “China” come from? Name a major achievement, invention or development that occurred during the dynastic period in China Name a major achievement, invention or development that occurred during the dynastic period in China Which outside groups founded the Yuan and the Qing dynasty? Which outside groups founded the Yuan and the Qing dynasty? During which dynasty was European influence the strongest? During which dynasty was European influence the strongest?