Georgia Performance Standards SAP2. Students will analyze the interdependence of the integumentary, skeletal, and muscular systems as these relate to the protection, support and movement of the human body. SAP2b. Explain how the skeletal structures provide support and protection for tissues, and function together with the muscular system to make movements possible.
Bone Surface Markings Surface Features Specific Functions rough area, groove, openings, process Specific Functions passageway for blood vessels and nerves joint formation muscle attachment & contraction
Foramen = opening Fossa = shallow depression Sulcus = groove Meatus = tubelike passageway or canal Condyle = large, round protuberance Facet = smooth flat articular surface Trochanter = very large projection Tuberosity = large, rounded, roughened projection
Long Bone Structure Epiphysis Proximal and Distal Ends of Long Bones Site of hemopoiesis (blood cell formation) Diaphysis Shaft of bone, hollow Articular Cartilage Smooth for Lubrication at Joints Spongy Bone Red/Yellow Bone Marrow Compact Bone Structure/Framework Primarily composed of Calcium and Phosphate
Medullary Cavity Stores red marrow (infant) & Yellow (adult) Red Bone Marrow Blood Cells Yellow Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue Nutrient Foramen Nutrient and oxygen supply line to compact bone
Skeletal Tissue Connective
Bone Cells Osteoprogenitor (Stem Cells = Unspecialized) Osteoblast Mesenchyme cells from which all tissues arise from Mesoderm Osteoblast Cells that form bone by secreting collagen & matrix Osteocyte Mature Bone Cells Osteoclast (Immune Cell) Destroys Bone for growth, development, and repair of bone
OSTEOCYTES: OSTEOBLASTS: Found on surface of bone tissue Produce matrix Mineral salts and collagen During bone development the osteoblast may produce too much matrix & become cemented in Once trapped w/i the chamber (lacunae) surrounded by the matrix it is called/turns into...Osteocytes
OSTEOCLAST: Bone cells that wander throughout bone tissue Secrete substance that dissolves the mineral salt crystals of the matrix May arise from a monocyte (wbc) under influence of certain hormones
Compact Bone Osteocytes Lacunae Haversian Canal (Osteon) Store osteocytes Haversian Canal (Osteon) Central canal that carries blood vessels and nerves to bones Volkman’s Canals Connects Haversian Canals Transport from nutrient supply to internal compact bone Canaliculi Nutrient Foramen Nutrient supply from body to internal bone Found in Medullary Cavity
Spongy Bone No True Osteons Lamellae arranged in lattice known as trabeculae Filled with Red Bone Marrow
Hemopoiesis Blood cell production in the bone marrow