Chapter 4 Tissues and Membranes.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 4 Tissues and Membranes

Tissues Tissues are groups of cells Epithelial tissue Connective tissue Muscle tissue Nervous tissue

Epithelial Tissue Covering and Lining Squamous epithelial cells Cuboidal epithelial cells Columnar epithelial cells

Epithelial Tissue Glandular and Secretory Endocrine gland cells Exocrine gland cells

Animation – Exocrine and Endocrine Glands Click Here to play Exocrine and Endocrine animation

Connective Tissue Adipose Stores lipid Acts as filler tissue Cushions, supports, and insulates the body

Connective Tissue Areolar (Loose) Elastin tissue Collagen

Connective Tissue Dense Fibrous Ligaments Tendons Aponeuroses Fasciae

Connective Tissue Supportive Osseous (bone) tissue Cartilage Hyaline Fibrocartilage Elastic cartilage

Connective Tissue Vascular (liquid blood tissue) Lymph

Muscle Tissue Cardiac Skeletal (striated voluntary) Smooth (nonstriated involuntary)

Nervous Tissue Irritability Conductivity

Effects of Aging on Tissue Cells become larger and less able to divide and reproduce Increase in pigments and lipids inside cell Waste products accumulate in the tissue Cell membranes change and carbon dioxide and wastes have difficulty getting out

Effects of Aging on Tissue Lipofusion collects Connective tissue becomes progressively stiff Increased difficulty receiving oxygen and nutrients Many tissues lose mass and atrophy

Membranes Two thin layers of tissue together form a membrane Epithelial membranes Connective membranes

Epithelial Membranes Mucous membranes Respiratory mucosa Gastric mucosa Intestinal mucosa

Epithelial Membranes Serous membranes (parietal and visceral) Pleural membrane Pericardial membrane Peritoneal membrane Cutaneous membranes

Connective Membranes Synovial membrane Lines joint cavities Two layers of connective tissue Lines joint cavities Secrete synovial fluid which prevents friction inside the joint cavity

Organs An organ is tissues grouped together to form a specific function Organs coordinate their activities to form a complete functional organism Organ system Group of organs that act together to perform a specific, related function

Organ Systems Skeletal Muscular Digestive Respiratory Circulatory

Organ Systems Excretory Nervous Endocrine Reproductive Integumentary

Tissue and Organ Transplant Blood transfusions are an example of a tissue transplant All transplants (tissue and organs) must be cross-matched so recipient’s immune system won’t attack the donated organ Rejection is main problem in organ transplants

Disease and Injury to Tissue Infection Inflammation Trauma Abnormal growth of cells Birth defects

Tissue Repair Primary repair Secondary repair

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