IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria Examples

THE IUCN CATEGORIES  A. Declining Population  B. Small Distribution and Decline or Fluctuation  C. Small Population Size and Decline  D. Very Small or Restricted  E. Quantitative Analysis

Ancistrocladus robertsoniorum J. Léonard Case study 1 Family: Ancistrocladaceae Common Name: unknown Distribution: Kenya - K7 (Kwale District)

Liana growing up to 30 m and found in moist, semi- deciduous, lowland forest. The population is restricted to 3 locations, all within national and forest reserves, and has an area of occupancy less than 500 km 2. Extent of occurrence is unknown. This species is locally common, although the total number of mature individuals within the population is unknown. The plant is not harvested despite being thought to have some insecticidal properties. Habitat is legally protected, although this protection is not enforced - the main threat to the species is habitat degradation caused by increasing human demand for land for cultivation. Frequent fires during dry seasons may also be a threat to this species.

Questions Is there enough information to assess the species? Is it Extinct or Extinct in the Wild? Does the plant qualify for any of the categories of threat? Case study 1 Yes No

A. Declining Population B. Small Distribution and Decline or Fluctuation C. Small Population Size and Decline D. Very Small or Restricted E. Quantitative Analysis IUCN Criteria Case study 1

A. Declining Population B. Small Distribution and Decline or Fluctuation C. Small Population Size and Decline D. Very Small or Restricted E. Quantitative Analysis IUCN Criteria Case study 1

B. Small Distribution Extent of occurrence less than 100 km 2 Extent of occurrence less than 5000 km 2 Extent of occurrence less than km 2 Or Area of occupancy less than 10 km 2 Area of occupancy less than 500 Km 2 Area of occupancy less than 2000 km 2 Critically Endangered EndangeredVulnerable Case study 1

B. Small Distribution Extent of occurrence less than 100 km 2 Extent of occurrence less than 5000 km 2 Extent of occurrence less than km 2 Or Area of occupancy less than 10 km 2 Area of occupancy less than 500 km 2 Area of occupancy less than 2000 km 2 Critically Endangered EndangeredVulnerable Case study 1

B. Criterion Small Distribution Severely fragmented or few locations Extreme fluctuation Continuing Decline Case study 1

B. Criterion Small Distribution Severely fragmented or few locations Extreme fluctuation Continuing Decline Case study 1

B2. Small Area of Occupancy Area of occupancy less than 500 km 2 Endangered B2ab(iii) Case study 1

A. Declining Population B. Small Distribution and Decline or Fluctuation C. Small Population Size and Decline D. Very Small or Restricted E. Quantitative Analysis IUCN Criteria Case study 1

Final Listing: Ancistrocladus robertsoniorum J. Léonard Endangered B2ab(iii) Case study 1 Area of occupancy less than 500 km 2 Severely fragmented (< 5 locations) Continuing decline in area, extent and quality of habitat

Ficus faulkneriana C.C. Berg Case study 2 Family: Moraceae Common Name:Mkuyu (Usamba) Mvumo (Swahili) Distribution: Kenya, Tanzania - K7 (Kwale district), T3 (Pangani, Korogwe)

An epiphytic/strangler tree found growing in coastal scrub and wet forest areas. The fragmented population was known to occur at 4 locations, with an additional site where one collection was made in Only 3 locations are now known and the extent of occurrence is estimated at less than 20,000 km 2 with a total area of occupancy less than 10 km 2. Ongoing loss of habitat and fragmentation are reported as the main threats to the population which currently has less 50 mature individuals (only 4 recorded in Dzirihini and Gongoni Forest Reserve, Kenya). Habitat is highly degraded with danger of complete clearance. Population decline attributed to habitat degradation.

Questions Is there enough information to assess the species? Is it Extinct or Extinct in the Wild? Does the plant qualify for any of the categories of threat? Case study 2 - Yes - No

A. Declining Population B. Small Distribution and Decline or Fluctuation C. Small Population Size and Decline D. Very Small or Restricted E. Quantitative Analysis IUCN Criteria Case study 2

A. Declining Population B. Small Distribution and Decline or Fluctuation C. Small Population Size and Decline D. Very Small or Restricted E. Quantitative Analysis IUCN Criteria Case study 2

B. Small Distribution Extent of occurrence less than 100 km 2 Extent of occurrence less than 5000 km 2 Extent of occurrence less than km 2 Or Area of occupancy less than 10 km 2 Area of occupancy less than 500 Km 2 Area of occupancy less than 2000 km 2 Critically Endangered EndangeredVulnerable Case study 2

B. Small Distribution Extent of occurrence less than 100 km 2 Extent of occurrence less than 5000 km 2 Extent of occurrence less than km 2 Or Area of occupancy less than 10 km 2 Area of occupancy less than 500 Km 2 Area of occupancy less than 2000 km 2 Critically Endangered EndangeredVulnerable Case study 2

B. Criterion Small Distribution Severely fragmented or few locations Extreme fluctuation Continuing Decline Case study 2

B. Criterion Small Distribution Severely fragmented or few locations Extreme fluctuation Continuing Decline Case study 2

Red Listing Critically Endangered B2ab(ii,iii,iv,v) Case study 2 Area of occupancy less than 10 Km 2 Severely fragmented Continuing decline in: area of occupancy; area, extent and quality of habitat; number of locations or subpopulations; number of mature individuals

A. Declining Population B. Small Distribution and Decline or Fluctuation C. Small Population Size and Decline D. Very Small or Restricted E. Quantitative Analysis IUCN Criteria Case study 2

A. Declining Population B. Small Distribution and Decline or Fluctuation C. Small Population Size and Decline D. Very Small or Restricted E. Quantitative Analysis IUCN Criteria Case study 2

C. Criterion Population Figures Critically Endangered <250 Endangered<2 500 Vulnerable< Case study 2

C. Criterion Population Figures Critically Endangered <250 Endangered<2 500 Vulnerable< Case study 2

C. Criterion Small Population Continuing decline of at least 25% within 3 years or 1 generation Case study 2 Continuing decline in numbers of mature individuals & at least one of a or b ….

C. Criterion Small Population Case study 2 Continuing decline in numbers of mature individuals & at least one of a or b …. Continuing decline of at least 25% within 3 years or 1 generation

C2. Continuing decline and one of a or b C2a Population structure in form of: (i) no subpopulation > 50 mature individuals OR (ii) 90% in one subpopulation Case study 2 C2b Extreme fluctuations in numbers of mature individuals OR

C2. Continuing decline and one of a or b C2a Population structure in form of: (i) no subpopulation > 50 mature individuals OR (ii) 90% in one subpopulation Case study 2 C2b Extreme fluctuations in numbers of mature individuals OR

Ficus faulkneriana C.C. Berg Critically Endangered C2a(i) Case study 2

A. Declining Population B. Small Distribution and Decline or Fluctuation C. Small Population Size and Decline D. Very Small or Restricted E. Quantitative Analysis IUCN Criteria Case study 2

A. Declining Population B. Small Distribution and Decline or Fluctuation C. Small Population Size and Decline D. Very Small or Restricted E. Quantitative Analysis IUCN Criteria Case study 2

D. Criterion Critically Endangered 50 Endangered 250 Vulnerable D D2 acute restriction in area of occupancy or in the number of locations

Case study 2 D. Criterion Critically Endangered 50 Endangered 250 Vulnerable D D2 acute restriction in area of occupancy or in the number of locations

Ficus faulkneriana C.C. Berg Critically Endangered D Case study 2

Final Listing: Ficus faulkneriana C.C. Berg Critically Endangered B2ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v); C2a(i); D Case study 2

Ziziphus robertsoniana Beentje Case study 3 Family: Rhamnaceae Common Name: unknown Distribution: Kenya, Tanzania - K7 (Kwale district), T3

A tree (6-16 m tall) growing in moist, semi-deciduous lowland forest. Extent of occurrence is recorded as less than 1,000 km 2. The species is known to exist in 5 locations in Kenya. The Tanzanian population is unknown. Information on the number of mature trees in the population is largely anecdotal: it is thought that a large proportion of the population is juvenile with very few reproducing adults present. All the Kenyan locations are subject to ongoing encroachment and their long-term security remains unknown. The status of the Tanzanian sites is unknown. Main threats to this species are ongoing loss and degradation of forest areas, and competition from invasive plant species.

Questions Is there enough information to assess the species? Is it Extinct or Extinct in the Wild? Does the plant qualify for any of the categories of threat? Case study 3 - Yes - No

A. Declining Population B. Small Distribution and Decline or Fluctuation C. Small Population Size and Decline D. Very Small or Restricted E. Quantitative Analysis IUCN Criteria Case study 3

A. Declining Population B. Small Distribution and Decline or Fluctuation C. Small Population Size and Decline D. Very Small or Restricted E. Quantitative Analysis IUCN Criteria Case study 3

B. Small Distribution Extent of occurrence less than 100 km 2 Extent of occurrence less than 5000 km 2 Extent of occurrence less than km 2 Or Area of occupancy less than 10 km 2 Area of occupancy less than 500 Km 2 Area of occupancy less than 2000 km 2 Critically Endangered EndangeredVulnerable Case study 3

B. Small Distribution Extent of occurrence less than 100 km 2 Extent of occurrence less than 5000 km 2 Extent of occurrence less than km 2 Or Area of occupancy less than 10 km 2 Area of occupancy less than 500 Km 2 Area of occupancy less than 2000 km 2 Critically Endangered EndangeredVulnerable Case study 3

B. criterion Small Distribution Severely fragmented or few locations Extreme fluctuation Continuing Decline Case study 3

B. criterion Small Distribution Severely fragmented or few locations Extreme fluctuation Continuing Decline Case study 3

Red Listing Endangered B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v) Case study 3 Extent of occurrence less than 5000 Km 2 Severely fragmented (< 5 locations) Continuing decline in: extent of occurrence; area of occupancy; area, extent and quality of habitat; number of locations or subpopulations; number of mature individuals

A. Declining Population B. Small Distribution and Decline or Fluctuation C. Small Population Size and Decline D. Very Small or Restricted E. Quantitative Analysis IUCN Criteria Case study 3

Final Listing: Ziziphus robertsoniana Beentje Endangered B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v) Case study 3

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