Protestant Reformation

Religion in Middle Ages Europe

Catholic Church in the 16 th Century Established hierarchy of clergy – in some ways, like a monarchy – priests took loyalty oaths to pope Church considered the mediating institution for individual salvation – importance of seven sacraments – mass conducted in Latin Church provided almost all education

Corruption in the Medieval Church Quiz results

Other Sources of Discontent with the Church Abuse of power by the popes – Using excommunication to force monarchs to obey their wishes – Fighting wars against rising European monarchs Being influenced by one monarch – Ex: French “Babylonian Captivity”

13.3 worksheet: The Protestant Reformation

Martin Luther (gets fed up…) Question #3 As a Catholic monk, Luther closely studies the Bible. What did Luther come to believe about the Bible?

Question #4 List four examples as to why Northern Europe was ready for the Reformation.

Question #8 In what ways did Luther exhibit some of the ‘humanist’ beliefs of the Renaissance?

Question #10 What are three different reasons many Germans embraced Luther’s ideas?

The Protestant Reformation Spreads Reformers begin to rise in other countries – Huldrych Zwingli (Switzerland) – John Calvin (France) – Gustav Vasa (Sweden) – Frederick I (Denmark/northern Germany) – Henry VIII (England)

The Protestant Reformation

The Counter-Reformation Roman Catholic Church tries to clean up its act… The Council of Trent (1545 and 1563) to make reforms in Catholic Church – reaffirmed Catholic doctrines – Seminaries created for proper training of clergy – Rejects compromise with Protestants – Appointment of bishops for political purposes prohibited New orders emerge to support reforms and focus on local parishes, educating laity