HAPPY THURSDAY Grades are posted in the back. Bellwork: Summarize what you have learned about nucleic acids and proteins in 34 words. In your summary, you must use the words: nucleic acids DNA nucleotides amino acids

Essential Question: What is the function of an enzyme?

REMINDERS Projects were due with original handout Notecard check tomorrow Photo check, last day tomorrow Checking bellwork tomorrow Test Monday Last day to make-up Quiz 3 on Tuesday

Now You See It, Now You Don’t Activity Each lab table will receive one piece of candy for each student and one piece of candy for the lab table. Do not eat the candy until instructed to do so.

Mass one piece of candy on the triple-beam balance. Record the mass of your piece of candy and the lab table’s piece of candy in your notebook. My Candy’s Mass:_________g My Table’s Candy’s Mass:______________g Now, draw what your candy and the table’s candy currently looks like. My Candy My Table’s Candy

Rules of the game – DO NOT OPEN YOUR MOUTH! DO NOT CHEW THE CANDY! DO NOT SUCK ON THE CANDY! When instructed to do so, each lab table will place a piece of candy in the beaker of water and each student will place a piece of candy in their cheek. Do not suck on the candy. The candy will be left in place for 15 minutes. 1. Predict the difference in mass between the candy in the water and the candy in your mouth after 15 minutes. 2. Predict the difference in appearance between the candy in the water and the candy in your mouth after 15 minutes. 3. Finish the sentence: There will/will not be a difference in the mass and appearance of the candy after 15 minutes because… Now let’s get to the candy!!! Remember, do not suck on it!!!

Enzymes Notes A. Some chemical reactions that make life possible are too slow to make them practical for living tissue. B. A catalyst is a substance that speeds up the rate of chemical reactions. I. What is an enzyme?

C. Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts. 1. Enzymes speed up chemical reactions that take place in cells. 2. Enzymes are very specific, generally catalyzing only one chemical reaction. 3. For this reason, part of an enzyme’s name is usually derived from the reaction it catalyzes. Enzymes usually end in the suffix “–ase”. Ex. Alcohol dehydrogenase catalyzes the reaction that removes water from alcohol.

A. Enzymes provide a site where reactants can be brought together to react. B. The reactants of enzyme-catalyzed reactions are known as substrates. C. The substrates bind to a site on the enzyme called the active site. D. The fit between the enzyme and its substrate are so precise that it is often compared to a lock and key. E. The enzyme and substrate are bound together and form the enzyme-substrate complex. F. Once the reaction is over, the products of the reaction are released and the enzyme is free to start the process again. II. How do enzymes work?

G. Enzymes play essential roles in regulating chemical reactions, making materials that cells need, releasing energy, and transferring information. Draw, color, and label this diagram Enzyme animation

Lock-and-key Diagram Draw, color, and label this diagram Enzyme animation Enzyme Reactant Product

H. Enzymes work by lowering the activation energy required to start a chemical reaction.

I. Like all biological molecules, enzymes work best under certain internal conditions. J. This is another reason why maintaining homeostasis is important for living things.

Now let’s get back to the candy… Remove the candy from the beaker and from your mouth and mass them on the triple- beam balance. Record the mass of your piece of candy and the lab table’s piece of candy in your notebook. My Candy’s Mass:_________g My Table’s Candy’s Mass:______________g Now, draw what your candy and the table’s candy currently looks like. My Candy My Table’s Candy

Salivary amylase is an enzyme secreted in the saliva that breaks down large sugars into smaller ones. Knowing this… 1. Describe the difference in mass between the candy in the water and the candy in your mouth after 15 minutes. 2. Describe the difference in appearance between the candy in the water and the candy in your mouth after 15 minutes. 3. Explain why there was a difference between the mass and appearance of the two pieces of candy. 4. Knowing that enzymes only catalyze one type of reaction, predict what would happen if you placed a peanut (protein) in your mouth for 15 minutes.

The Enzyme Lingo Enzyme: a protein that speeds up chemical reactions Catalyst: substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction Substrate: the substances that reacts with the enzyme Active Site: place where the substrate bonds to the enzyme Enzyme-Substrate Complex: substance formed when the enzyme and substrate bond together (the “reactant” in the reaction…remember reactants and products?)

Draw, color, and label this diagram Enzyme animation

MonomerPolymerElementsFunctionExampleStructurePicture Carbohydrate MonosaccharidePolysaccharide C, H, O Immediate Energy Glucose (Sugar), Bread, Pasta, Rice Ring, Circle Lipid Fatty Acid Triglyceride C, H, O Long-term energy Cell Membrane, Fats, Oils, Waxes, Waxy Cuticle of Leaf Chain Protein Amino Acid Polypeptide and/or Protein C, H, O, N Enzymatic Reactions, Build Bones and Muscles, Meats, Milk, Eggs, Enzymes Amine Group & R-Group Nucleic Acid Nucleotide DNA/RNA C, H, O, N, P Source of genetic information DNA/RNA Phosphate Group, Nitrogenous Base, 5- Carbon Sugar

Enzyme/Substrate Activity: Design your own connecting puzzle pieces to demonstrate an enzyme and substrate. Color them and label the following: enzyme substrate enzyme-substrate complex Then fill in the following analogy: Enzymes and substrates fit together like _______ and _______.

As always, summarize what you have learned about enzymes in 30 words. In your summary, you must use the words: enzyme substrate active site enzyme-substrate complex