AP World Review Unit 5

Specifics for Unit 5 Four Key Concepts – Industrialization and Global Capitalism (5.1) – Imperialism and Nation-State Formation (5.2) – Nationalism, Revolution, and Reform (5.3) – Global Migration (5.4) Represents 20% of total exam

Industrialization and Global Capitalism Lots of Stuff (with lots of detail) – What changed and why? – Effects on Trade – Effects on Finance & Economics – Responses to spread of capitalism – Effects on Society You need to know it all!!!

What changed and why? Fundamental Change: Machines replace humans – What machines? – Greater Specialization of Labor – Second IR v. Original IR Why? – Unique characteristics of Great Britain/NW Europe – From there to…?

Effects on Trade Need for raw materials & markets  “New Imperialism” – Need supply for the machines – Need demand for the products of machines Growth of Mining Centers – De Beers Group & the Diamond Market “Decline of economically productive, agriculturally-based economies” Transportation and Communication – RRs, Steamships, Telegraphs, Canals

Effects on Finance and Economics Development of Capitalism – Adam Smith – Capitalism v. Mercantilism Development of Classical Liberalism – John Stuart Mill Financial Instruments (Broadly) Transnational Businesses – HSBC

Responses to Industrialization/Capitalism Organizing workers Alternative Visions of Society – “The Left” Resistance to Industrialization (Qing China/Ottoman Empire) State-Sponsored Industrialization (Japan/Egypt/Russia) Social/Political Reforms – Public Schools/Expansion of Suffrage/State Pensions

Effects on Society New Social Classes (“Middle Class”; Working Class) Demographic Transition Theory Rapid Urbanization and Its Effects – Unsanitary Conditions

Let’s try a multiple choice question… Which of the following developments in the period best explains the change in Japanese trade patterns shown in the graphs above? a.Japanese manufacturing output decreased because Japanese leaders restricted commercial ties. b.Exports of manufactured goods declined because United States tariffs on Japanese goods increased. c.Japanese manufacturing output rose as a consequence of industrialization. d.Japanese imports of raw materials increased as a consequence of extensive immigration to Japan.

Let’s try a multiple choice question… Which of the following developments in the period best explains the change in Japanese trade patterns shown in the graphs above? a.Japanese manufacturing output decreased because Japanese leaders restricted commercial ties. b.Exports of manufactured goods declined because United States tariffs on Japanese goods increased. c.Japanese manufacturing output rose as a consequence of industrialization. d.Japanese imports of raw materials increased as a consequence of extensive immigration to Japan. (C) is the correct answer, but why?

Let’s look at the answer choices… a.Japanese manufacturing output decreased because Japanese leaders restricted commercial ties. b.Exports of manufactured goods declined because United States tariffs on Japanese goods increased. c.Japanese manufacturing output rose as a consequence of industrialization. d.Japanese imports of raw materials increased as a consequence of extensive immigration to Japan.

Let’s look at the answer choices… a.Japanese manufacturing output decreased because Japanese leaders restricted commercial ties. b.Exports of manufactured goods declined because United States tariffs on Japanese goods increased. c.Japanese manufacturing output rose as a consequence of industrialization. d.Japanese imports of raw materials increased as a consequence of extensive immigration to Japan. Can you tell based on these charts?

Let’s look at the answer choices… a.Japanese manufacturing output decreased because Japanese leaders restricted commercial ties. b.Exports of manufactured goods declined because United States tariffs on Japanese goods increased. c.Japanese manufacturing output rose as a consequence of industrialization. d.Japanese imports of raw materials increased as a consequence of extensive immigration to Japan. Is that even accurate based on the charts?

Let’s look at the answer choices… a.Japanese manufacturing output decreased because Japanese leaders restricted commercial ties. b.Exports of manufactured goods declined because United States tariffs on Japanese goods increased. c.Japanese manufacturing output rose as a consequence of industrialization. d.Japanese imports of raw materials increased as a consequence of extensive immigration to Japan. Top level distracter – Answer right, reason wrong

Imperialism and Nation-State Formation Establishment of Empires – Who? Where? How? Imperialism as a global process – US/European Influence on Japan – Russia and USA as Empires – Nationalism as a response to imperialism – Effect on the Ottomans – States on the Edge New Racial ideologies & Social Darwinism

Think about Comparisons How is the empire building process different in one place versus another Old Imperialism versus New Imperialism Responses to imperialism (China/Japan/India/Africa) Patterns of colonization (Australia/South Africa versus other parts of Sub-Saharan Africa)

Nationalism, Revolution, and Reform Motivations for Revolutions – Enlightenment – Revolutionary Documents (Dec. of Indep., Dec. of Rights of Man, & Jamaica Letter) Nationalism (What is “nation-building”?) Revolutions and Rebellions – The “Big Four” – Anti-colonial rebellion – Slave rebellions – Role of Millenarianism Transnational Ideologies (liberalism, socialism, communism, feminism)

Global Migrations Why? – Population Increase & Better Transportation – Searching for work Freely Coerced and semi-coerced (Slavery, Indentured Servitude, Convict Labor) Seasonal Migrants Consequences – Mostly Male – Ethnic Enclaves – Anti-Immigrant Backlashes

Comparisons are obvious…What about Changes/Continuities? How did nationalist ideologies change? – Nation-building and State-building Imperialism Labor Systems (Slavery, Serfdom, etc.) Women’s roles and families Racial Ideologies Migrations