MADE BY: Shalini Prakash….(018) Monisha Gautam..(026) TEAM COHESIVENESS MADE BY: Shalini Prakash….(018) Monisha Gautam..(026)

DEFINITION “A dynamic process that is reflected in the tendency of a group to stick together and remain united in the pursuit of its instrumental objectives and/or for the satisfaction of member affective needs” (Carron et al., 119). Task Cohesion Social Cohesion

Goals and Cohesion Productivity must be established by setting challenging and specific goals. Making sure the members know what the individual goals are, for themselves and their team mates, is very important. There can be no hidden agendas by any of the members, their goals must coincide with team goals. What’s good for the team has to be good for the individual and visa versa.

Cohesiveness & Team Performance Cohesive teams potentially – perform better less conflict cohesion-performance relationship is weakest if group norms do not encourage high productivity Norms must be consistent with organizational goals

Cohesiveness and Performance

Team cohesiveness outcomes Members of cohesive teams want to remain members are willing to share information have strong interpersonal bonds want to support each other resolve conflict effectively are more satisfied and experience less stress

Causes of team cohesiveness

Member similarity Homogeneous team easier to develop cohesiveness, less conflict Team size Smaller teams, more cohesive Easier to agree upon goals, coordinate tasks If team too small, difficult to reach goals

Cont…. Team success Successful teams more attractive (self-identity) Gives team more confidence (self efficacy) External competition and challenges Cohesiveness higher with external competition/challenges

Steps of Cohesion

Forming First moments of a newly formed group’s life How team members fits into the team Often marked by tension, guarded interchanges, and low levels of interaction People monitor their behavior and are tentative when expression opinions

Storming Members acquire roles and responsibilities Tension increases in the storming phase – over goals, procedures, authority etc. Conflict often causes fight or flight responses Coach assess strength and weakness of their members and begin to decide who will go in which role.

Norming Group becomes more unified and organized Mutual trust and support increases Rules, roles, and goals are established Communication increases

Performing When all the members work together to achieve the common team goals-task oriented mature groups spend less time socializing, less time in conflict and need less guidance than less mature teams Efficient work coordination, conflict resolution

Guidelines for Establishing Team Cohesion Leader strategies Communicate effectively Explain individual roles in team success Develop pride within subunits Set challenging team goals Avoid formation of social groups Conduct periodic team meetings Get to know others; enhance personal disclosure

Group member strategies Get to know members of the group Help group members whenever possible Give group members positive reinforcement Be responsible Communicate honestly and openly with coach or leader Give 100% effort at all times

Carron’s Conceptual Model of Cohesion

Key Environmental Factors Normative factors hold groups together Contractual responsibilities Organization factors Size of the team Distinctiveness from others

Key Personal Factors Individual characteristics of group members Level of satisfaction was best predictor of both social and task cohesion. Similar aspirations is another factor.

Key Leadership Factors Leadership style is vital to team cohesion Clear communication Team goals Team members’ roles Enhancing feelings of cohesion Compatibility between coach and athletes

Key Team Factors The task to accomplish Individual or team sport Strong desire to be successful (History) Shared experiences of successes Team stability (length of time playing together)

Building Team Cohesion Team Building Plan & Commitment to a Common Goal Role Acceptance Communication Constructive Conflict

Commitment to a Goal

Role Acceptance Role Acceptance Satisfaction of one’s role To achieve as a team, individual sacrifices must be made throughout the season. Role acceptance is directly related: Opportunity to use specialized skills Receive feedback and recognition Role significance Opportunity to work independently

Communication Open door policy active listening Line of regard Better to be vocal rather than silent Poor communication usually results in conflict

Team Conflict Role conflict is a major source A goal is blocked due to lack of ability, motivation, time or lack of understanding to achieve the goal Reward team success instead of individual statistics, honors, and awards

Team Cohesion… A Final Thought The more cohesive a team is, the more it encourages peak performance in its members. If cohesion is lacking it can often prevent the team from reaching its’ potential.

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