Part 1
Scientists DNA # 1DNA # 2 RNA #1 RNA #2
Who discovered the shape of the DNA molecule and won the Nobel Prize?
Watson & Crick Scientists - 100
Who used X-rays to determine what DNA really looked like?
Rosalind Franklin Scientists - 200
What scientist actually found DNA is the “factor” that caused good bacteria to change into bad bacteria? He also used mice in his experiment.
Scientists Avery Remember: Avery got an “A” for finding DNA
Who used radioactive bacteriophages (viruses) to find the genetic material?
Hershey & Chase They “chase”d after Avery’s idea of where genetic material is found using viruses. Scientists - 400
Who tried to find the genetic material but failed? Instead he found TRANSFORMATION. This scientist injected mice with killed disease causing bacteria and good, live bacteria and the mice died of pneumonia.
Griffith F for failing to find genetic material! F for finding Scientists - 500
What does DNA stand for and what is its shape?
DeoxyriboNucleic Acid Double Helix DNA #
What sugar is in DNA? Think: “ose”
Deoxyribose DNA # (Do not need to know this structure. )
Name the 3 parts of a DNA nucleotide
5-Carbon Sugar (Deoxyribose) Phosphate Group Nitrogen Base DNA #
Name the 4 Nitrogen bases in DNA and how do they pair up? What is the rule called and what scientist found it? What holds pairs together?
Adenine (A)=Thymine (T) Cytosine (C)=Guanine (G) Rule of Base Pairing or Chargaff’s Rule Hydrogen Bonds DNA #
What are the structures of A&G and T&C called? Single ring Double ring Are there more purines or pyrimidines in DNA?
Purines (A&G) 2 rings (house & outhouse) Pyrimidines (T&C) 1 ring cytosine & thymine DNA # %Purines = %Pyrimidines
What is the name of the protein that DNA wraps itself around to condense (coil up)?
Histones DNA #
1. What is replication? 2. Why is it important? 3. How many new strands are made at the end of replication?
1. Copying of DNA 2. For cell division 3. 2 new strands of DNA giving a total of 4 strands 1 new w/ 1 original DNA #
An original strand of DNA has these nitrogen bases C G G T A T G A C What are the bases for the new DNA strand during replication?
DNA # C G G T A T G A C original G C C A T A C T A new
What enzyme (protein) copies the DNA for replication?
DNA Polymerase DNA #
Where is DNA found, what type of cells, and what is its function?
DNA is the genetic code for making proteins and is found in the nucleus of eukaryotes. DNA #
What does RNA stand for and what is its function?
RiboNucleic Acid Makes proteins RNA #
What sugar is in RNA?
Ribose RNA #
What nitrogen base does RNA have that DNA does not have?
Uracil (Hint: r for RNA) RNA #
What is the structure of RNA and where is it found?
Single Strand starts in nucleus and goes out to cytoplasm to the ribosome. RNA # CYTOPLASM
Name some similarities between DNA and RNA?
RNA # Both Have: Sugar + Phosphate Backbone A, C, G nitrogen bases
What is the enzyme (protein) that reads the DNA and makes mRNA?
RNA Polymerase RNA #
What is the 3 base code on the mRNA called?
Codon RNA #
Name the 3 different types of RNA and what do each do.
mRNA- brings genetic code for proteins from DNA to ribosome (recipe) tRNA- brings amino acids to ribosomes (sous chef) rRNA- (ribosome) makes the protein (chef) RNA #
Where does the mRNA go after being made in the nucleus? Name the location in the cell and organelle.
To the ribosomes in the cytoplasm RNA #
What does the tRNA bring to the ribosome, how many, and what are the 3 bases called? (Need 3 things)
tRNA brings 1 Amino Acid and attaches to codon using its Anticodon RNA #